Table 2.
Characteristics of the study sample
| Characteristic | Visit 1 (N=1740) | Visit 2 (N=1740) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64±8 | 70±8 |
| Female sex, N (%) | 1027 (59) | - |
| Race, nonwhite, N (%) | 201 (12) | - |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 138±19 | 137±18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70±8 | 65±9 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1±5.3 | 28.3±5.3 |
| Total/HDL cholesterol | 3.5±1.0 | 3.1±0.9 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 115±65 | 112±53 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 104±20 | 102±20 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 61±10 | 62±9 |
| Hypertension treatment, N (%) | 782 (45) | 919 (53) |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 125 (7) | 116 (7) |
| Lipid lowering treatment, N (%) | 660 (38) | 870 (50) |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 175 (10) | 243 (14) |
| E wave velocity (cm/s) | 64.1±12.7 | 67.6±13.7 |
| A wave velocity (cm/s) | 69.1±14.5 | 71.3±16.6 |
| E/A ratio | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.3 |
| Lateral E′ velocity (cm/s) | 9.8±2.1 | 8.9±1.9 |
| E/E′ ratio | 6.8±2.0 | 8.0±2.4 |
| LV Diastolic dysfunction ≤ moderate, N (%) | 125 (7) | 288 (17) |
|
| ||
| Comorbidity traits | Visit 1 (N=1401) | Visit 2 (N=1401) |
|
| ||
| Kidney dysfunction (eGFR <60), N (%) | 105 (8) | 281 (20) |
| FEV1/FVC <20th percentile, N (%) | 276 (20) | 291 (21) |
| CRP (>80th percentile), N (%) | 269 (19) | 292 (21) |
| Handgrip (<20th percentile), N (%) | 219 (16) | 328 (23) |
| Gait (>80th percentile), N (%) | 227 (16) | 336 (24) |
| Comorbidity score, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 1.1 |
Percentiles for comorbidity traits were calculated from pooled samples by combining observatons from the two examination cycles.