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. 2018 Mar 18;2018:1281657. doi: 10.1155/2018/1281657

Table 1.

Overview of included postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) studies.

Study Design Surgery Patients and controls (age) Cognitive test (timing) MRI system MRI timing MRI modalities Statistics Major findings
Sato et al. [40] Prospective, case-control Breast cancer surgery 30 patients (60 ± 7)
chemonaïve
postmenopausal
20 healthy controls (59 ± 5)
Digital span back
Stroop color word test
Wechsler adult memory scale
Digit symbol coding
Digit cancellation task (1/2 days before surgery, within 1 week of surgery)
3.0T Philips 1x presurgery
1x postsurgery
T1 weighted VBM ANCOVA
multiple regression
Attention domain subtest lower score in patients compared to control after 1 week.
Significant group by time interaction in the right thalamus (p < 0.05)
Correlation between change ratio of digit cancellation task and decrease of thalamus rGMV

Price et al. [37] Prospective, case-control Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) 31 patients (70.8 ± 7.0) Charlson comorbidity 1 + 1
12 arthritis patient controls, age and education matched (72.2 ± 5.3) Charlson comorbidity 1.7 + 1.8
Hopkins verbal learning,
story memory,
brief visual spatial memory,
digital span back,
spatial span subset,
digit symbol substitution,
controlled oral word association,
Stroop color word test, category fluency, judgment of line orientation,
and finger tapping test
(baseline, 3 wk, 3 mo, 1 yr)
3.0T Siemens 1x presurgery T1 weighted Hierarchical regression models Preoperative leukoaraiosis and lacunae volume improve the prediction model of baseline Stroop color word test of 3 wk postoperative executive function decline, but not with memory decline

Chen et al. [35] Prospective, cross-sectionalstudy Open abdominal surgery 39 patients
(72 ± 8)
ASA 2-3
35 controls (71 ± 5)
Wechsler adult memory scale and intelligence scale,
trail making
grooved pegboard
(1 day before and 3 days after surgery)
1.5T Siemens 1x presurgery T1 weighted POCD (13) versus non-POCD (23) 6% reduction of hippocampus volume in POCD group compared to non-POCD, this reduction is correlated negatively with Z score