Table 1.
Study | Design | Surgery | Patients and controls (age) | Cognitive test (timing) | MRI system | MRI timing | MRI modalities | Statistics | Major findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sato et al. [40] | Prospective, case-control | Breast cancer surgery | 30 patients (60 ± 7) chemonaïve postmenopausal 20 healthy controls (59 ± 5) |
Digital span back Stroop color word test Wechsler adult memory scale Digit symbol coding Digit cancellation task (1/2 days before surgery, within 1 week of surgery) |
3.0T Philips | 1x presurgery 1x postsurgery |
T1 weighted VBM | ANCOVA multiple regression |
Attention domain subtest lower score in patients compared to control after 1 week. Significant group by time interaction in the right thalamus (p < 0.05) Correlation between change ratio of digit cancellation task and decrease of thalamus rGMV |
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Price et al. [37] | Prospective, case-control | Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) | 31 patients (70.8 ± 7.0) Charlson comorbidity 1 + 1 12 arthritis patient controls, age and education matched (72.2 ± 5.3) Charlson comorbidity 1.7 + 1.8 |
Hopkins verbal learning, story memory, brief visual spatial memory, digital span back, spatial span subset, digit symbol substitution, controlled oral word association, Stroop color word test, category fluency, judgment of line orientation, and finger tapping test (baseline, 3 wk, 3 mo, 1 yr) |
3.0T Siemens | 1x presurgery | T1 weighted | Hierarchical regression models | Preoperative leukoaraiosis and lacunae volume improve the prediction model of baseline Stroop color word test of 3 wk postoperative executive function decline, but not with memory decline |
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Chen et al. [35] | Prospective, cross-sectionalstudy | Open abdominal surgery | 39 patients (72 ± 8) ASA 2-3 35 controls (71 ± 5) |
Wechsler adult memory scale and intelligence scale, trail making grooved pegboard (1 day before and 3 days after surgery) |
1.5T Siemens | 1x presurgery | T1 weighted | POCD (13) versus non-POCD (23) | 6% reduction of hippocampus volume in POCD group compared to non-POCD, this reduction is correlated negatively with Z score |