Table 1.

Important predisposing causes for bronchiectasis.

Postinfective

Childhood infection: pneumonia, measles, whooping cough

Tuberculosis

Viral infection: HIV, HTLV-1

Immune deficiency

Humoral immunity: CVID, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

?IgG subclass

Transporter associated with antigen processing deficiency

Mannose binding lectin deficiency

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Chronic granulomatous disease

Malignancy

Mucociliary function

Ciliary dyskinesia

Systemic inflammatory disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Other arthritic disorders

Inflammatory bowel disease

Airway obstruction

Foreign body

Airway tumor

Gastroesophageal reflux/aspiration

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Other factors

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Extremes of age

Economic/social disadvantage

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. HTLV-1: human T-lymphotropic virus 1. CVID: common variable immune deficiency.