. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci (Basel). 2017 May 10;6(2):47. doi: 10.3390/socsci6020047

Table 3.

Linear Probability Models (LPM) predicting receipt of a bachelor’s degree and receipt of a bachelor’s degree in a STEM field, among students who had taken calculus and planned to major in STEM.

	Bachelor’s Degree	Bachelor’s Degree	STEM Bachelor’s	STEM Bachelor’s
Failed calculus	−0.12 ⁺ (−1.66)		−0.12 (−1.39)
Gender and Failure Status (Omitted category: men—did not fail calculus)
Men—failed calculus		−0.03 (−0.34)		0.13 (1.30)
Women—did not fail calculus		0.12 ⁺ (1.82)		0.04 (0.48)
Women—failed calculus		−0.19 (−1.45)		−0.66 ^*** (−7.40)
Constant	16.43 (0.67)	18.14 (0.76)	−52.37 (−1.52)	−44.35 (−1.36)
R²	0.25	0.27	0.31	0.42
n	230	230	190	190

Source: National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88) and Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS:2000) (NCES 1988; NCES 2000). STEM in reference to science, technology, engineering or mathematics fields. t-statistics underneath coefficients in parentheses. Reference category for interactions is a male college student who did not fail calculus. Includes demographic, prior achievement/academic skills, and institution controls for doubly robust estimates. n in models has been rounded to the nearest 10 for disclosure.

⁺

p < 0.1,

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01,

^***

p < 0.001.