Table 3. Comparison of Past-Month and Lifetime Substance Use by Cultural Involvement.
| Traditional ceremonies |
Importa nce |
Langua ge |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall sample (n=347 ) |
No (n=151) | Yes (n=19 6) |
Not at all/not too (n=79) |
Somew hat (n=82) |
Very (n=17 1) |
No (n=167) |
Yes (n=179) |
||||
| Variables | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p- valu e |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p- valu e |
n (%) | n (%) | p- valu e |
| Past-month alcohol use | |||||||||||
| Any alcohol | 150 (43.2) | 73 (48.3) | 77 (39.3) | .102 | 44 (55.7) | 34 (41.5) | 66 (38.6) | 0.037 | 78 (46.7) | 72 (40.2) | 0.234 |
| Binge drinking | 92 (26.6) | 46 (30.5) | 46 (23.6) | .177 | 23 (29.1) | 17 (20.7) | 46 (27.1) | .432 | 48 (28.7) | 44 (24.7) | 0.46 5 |
| Past-month drug use | |||||||||||
| Drug usea | 69 (20.2) | 38 (25.5) | 31 (16.1) | 0.04 1 | 19 (24.4) | 13 (16.3) | 35 (20.8) | 0.44 8 | 41 (24.8) | 28 (16.0) | 0.04 4 |
| Marijuana | 46 (13.6) | 26 (17.4) | 20 (10.5) | .079 | 14 (17.9) | 9 (11.3) | 21 (12.7) | .415 | 26 (15.8) | 20 (11.6) | 0.27 1 |
| Prescription opioids, non-medical reasons | 15 (4.4) | 10 (6.7) | 5 (2.6) | .108 | 7 (9.0) | 2 (2.5) | 6 (3.6) | .101 | 9 (5.4) | 6 (3.5) | 0.43 6 |
| Lifetime substance use | |||||||||||
| CAGE-AID score of 2 or more | 129 (37.8) | 54 (35.8) | 75 (39.5) | .502 | 30 (38.5) | 23 (28.4) | 67 (40.1) | .188 | 62 (37.1) | 67 (38.7) | 0.82 3 |
| Drug usea in any category >100× | 74 (22.3) | 41 (28.1) | 33 (17.7) | .033 | 17 (22.1) | 17 (21.8) | 36 (22.0) | .999 | 45 (27.8) | 29 (17.2) | 0.02 5 |
| Current tobacco use | |||||||||||
| Everyday | 17 (4.9) | 7 (4.6) | 10 (5.2) | <.0 0 1 | 5 (6.4) | 3 (3.7) | 8 (4.7) | .003 | 10 (6.1) | 7 (3.9) | 0.00 2 |
| Some days | 27 (7.8) | 12 (7.9) | 15 (7.8) | 5 (6.4) | 6 (7.4) | 15 (8.8) | 14 (8.5) | 13 (7.3) | |||
| Former smoker | 34 (9.9) | 24 (15.9) | 10 (5.2) | 12 (15.4) | 6 (7.4) | 13 (7.6) | 25 (15.2) | 9 (5.1) | |||
| Smoked in past, not former | 97 | 44 (29.1) | 53 | 24 | 28 | 41 | 46 | 51 | |||
| smoker | (28.2) | (27.5) | (30.8) | (34.6) | (24.1) | (27.9) | (28.7) | ||||
| Never | 99 (28.8) | 50 (33.1) | 49 (25.4) | 29 (27.2) | 21 (25.9) | 43 (25.3) | 49 (29.7) | 49 (27.5) | |||
| Ceremonial use only | 70 (20.3) | 14 (9.3) | 56 (29.0) | 3 (3.8) | 17 (21.0) | 50 (29.4) | 21 (12.7) | 49 (27.5) | |||
Note. Differences between groups tested using chi-square test; results significant at p < .05 level are bolded.
a
Drugs included marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, inhalants, sedatives/sleeping pills, hallucinogens, heroin/opium, prescribed stimulants or prescription opioids/painkillers for non-medical reasons.