(A) Adjusted odds ratios for the association between paratracheal paraseptal emphysema (paratracheal PSE) when defined as greater than or equal to 0.5 cm, greater than or equal to 1 cm, and greater than or equal to 1.5 cm in maximal diameter. All associations are adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, pack-years smoking history, current smoking status, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stage as strata variable. (B) Relationship between paratracheal PSE as a continuous measure and the probability of expiratory central airway collapse (ECAC). The graph illustrates the positive linear slope (b = 0.018, P = 0.002) between paratracheal PSE and the predicted probability of ECAC obtained from the multivariable logistic model to predict the presence of ECAC by paratracheal PSE with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, current smoking status, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Each scattered dot represents the predicted probability of ECAC for a subject. The linear slope for the relationship between paratracheal PSE and ECAC is presented with 95% confidence interval (CI). Multivariable logistic model showed that a participant with 1-cm greater paratracheal PSE is 29% more likely to have ECAC.