| HNF4α |
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α |
Regulation of the expression of intestinal cells genes including apolipoprotein A-I, A-IV, B, guanylyl cyclase C, CYP3A4, intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and meprin 1α |
(30,31) |
| CDH1 |
E-cadherin |
Maintaining the cell adhesion between intestinal epithelial cells; being component of adherens junctions |
(31,32) |
| MEP1A |
Meprin 1A |
Cleaving laminin, TJ proteins and cytokines within brush-border membrane |
(33) |
| NOD2/CARD15 |
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2/caspase recruitment domain family, member 15 |
Epithelial cells innate immunity activation |
(34) |
| ATG16L1 |
Autophagy-related protein 16-1 |
Mediating NOD-2 directed autophagy |
(35,36) |
| Xbp1 |
X-box-binding protein 1 |
Transcription factor; mediator of Paneth cell impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress |
(37) |
| STAT3 |
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
Survival and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells while injured; mediating cytokine signaling |
(38) |
| CLDN* |
Claudin family (namely, claudins 1–5, 8, 15) |
TJ structure component; barrier and ion and water channels forming |
(39) |
| GATM |
Glycine amidinotransferase |
Endogenous creatine synthesis |
(40) |
| MUC3A |
Mucin 3A |
Mucin in inner mucus layer |
(41) |
| MUC19 |
Mucin 19 |
Mucin secretion in outer mucus layer |
(42) |
