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| Intraluminal injuries |
| Instrumental |
| Esophagoscopy |
| Esophageal bougienage |
| Pneumatic dilation |
| Endoesophageal tube |
| Biopsy |
| Sclerotherapy |
| Endotracheal tube |
| Non-instrumental |
| Barotrauma |
| Caustic injuries |
| Medicines |
| Infections |
| Foreign bodies |
| Extraluminal injuries |
| Penetrating injuries |
| Gunshot wounds |
| Stab wounds |
| Iatrogenic perforation |
| Foreign bodies erosion |
| Blunt injuries |
| Traffic accident |
| Fall from height |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| Operative trauma |
