Table 3.

Absence of PERV transmission in recent preclinical xenotransplantations

Donor pigs	Transplant	Recipient (number)	Immuno-suppression, encapsulation	PERV testing		References
				PCR analysis	Antibody detection
Genetically modified large white × landrace or miniature swine	Heterotopic heart, kidney, thymokidney	Baboons (10)	Mycophenolate mofetil, FK506, anti-CD154mAb, anti-CD2mAb, steroids, radiation, anti-thymocyte globulin, cobra venom factor	Micro-chimerism	Nt	Issa et al. [78]
Genetically modified German landrace × large white	Orthotopic heart	Baboons (6)	Anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD40mAb, ATG, mycophenolate mofetil, methylprednisolone	Negative	Negative	Morozov et al. [79], Denner et al. unpublished
German landrace expressing INSLEA29Y	Islet cells	Marmosets (4)	None	Negative	Negative	Plotzki et al. [53]
Göttingen minipigs	Islet cells	Cynomolgus monkeys (8)	Macrodevice	Negative	Negative	Morozov et al. [80]
Large white × Yorkshire × landrace	Islet cells	Cynomolgus monkeys (6)	Agarose encapsulation	Negative	Nt	Gazda et al. [81]

Only recent trials and only trials performing PERV testing. Seven other trials have been analysed previously [28]

Nt not tested