Relative antennal efficiencies of particles against different directions of antennae with different scale arrangements. In comparison with the antennae with the Par scale arrangement, all other antennae increase the concentration of nanoparticles while significantly reducing that of microparticles in most of the directions from 180°(downstream side) to 0°(upstream side). (a) Nanoparticles, 60 µm diameter antenna, (b) nanoparticles, 120 µm diameter antenna, (c) microparticles, 60 µm diameter antenna and (d) microparticles, 120 µm diameter antenna.