Figure 4.

Cognitive behaviour of offspring sired by food restricted fathers. (a) The novel-object recognition task involved presentation of two identical objects followed by a 30 min delay after which the objects were replaced with a familiar (same object) versus novel object to test for memory of the objects. (b) Representative heat maps indicating the proportion of time spent in the test arena for female offspring that were born to control (CF) and food-restricted (FR) fathers under embryo transfer (ET) and NM conditions, red indicating most time spent and blue indicating least. (c) Female offspring of FR fathers (diamonds), compared with offspring of CF fathers (circles), show a lower discrimination index under ET conditions but higher discrimination index under NM conditions (N = 15 per group). (d) No differences in discrimination index were found in male offspring (N = 15 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.