Table 1.
Univariate analysis showing the socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical factors associated with multidrug-resistant TB in patients undergoing anti-TB treatment at Adama Hospital and Bishoftu Hospital in the East Shoa Zone, Oromia
| Variables | Case N (%) | Control N (%) | Crude OR(95%CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (completed years) | ||||
| < 25 | 23(31.5) | 65(44.5) | 1 | |
| 26–45 | 39(53.4) | 62(42.5) | 1.8(0.96–3.31) | 0.700 |
| 46–87 | 11(15.1) | 19(13) | 1.6(0.68–3.95) | 0.274 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 40 (54.8) | 85(58.2) | 0.9 (0.49–1.53) | 0.629 |
| Male | 33 (45.2) | 61(41.8) | 1 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Amhara | 19(26) | 37(25.3) | 1 | |
| Oromo | 48(65.8) | 95(65.1) | 0.9(0.51–1.89) | 0.961 |
| Others | 6(8.2) | 14(9.6) | 0.84(0.28–2.52) | 0.748 |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate | 18(24.6) | 35(24) | 1.1(0.54–2.18) | 0.814 |
| Primary | 20(27.4) | 37(25.3) | 1.1(0.58–2.25) | 0.699 |
| > Secondary | 35(47.9) | 74(50.7) | 1 | |
| Religion | ||||
| Muslim | 16(21.9) | 32(21.9) | 1 | |
| Orthodox | 47(64.4) | 83(56.8) | 1.1(0.56–2.28) | 0.727 |
| Protestant | 7(9.6) | 31(21.2) | 0.5(0.16–1.25) | 0.127 |
| Others | 4(4.1) | 0(0) | – | – |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 23(31.5) | 11(7.5) | 5.6 (2.56–12.42) | 0.000 |
| Urban | 50(68.5) | 135 (92.5) | 1 | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 39(39.7) | 82(56.2) | 1 | |
| Married | 32(43.8) | 58(39.7) | 1.6(0.86–2.86) | 0.149 |
| Divorced | 12(16.4) | 6(4.1) | 5.7(1.95–16.45) | 0.010 |
| Job status | ||||
| No | 27(35.1) | 25(16.9) | 2.8(1.49–5.39) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 46(64.9) | 121(83.1) | 1 | |
| History of imprisonment | ||||
| Yes | 12(16.4) | 12(8.2) | 2.2(0.93–5.17) | 0.071 |
| No | 61(83.6) | 134(91.8) | 1 | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Yes | 40(54.8) | 25(17.1) | 5.9(3.12–11.02) | 0.000 |
| No | 33(45.2) | 121(82.9) | 1 | |
| History of smoking | ||||
| Yes | 11(15.1) | 10(6.8) | 2.4(0.97–5.98) | 0.057 |
| No | 62(84.9) | 136(93.2) | 1 | |
| History of Chewing chat | ||||
| Yes | 21(28.8) | 29(19.9) | 1.63(0.85–3.12) | 0.141 |
| No | 52(71.2) | 117(80.1) | 1 | |
| Site of TB | ||||
| Pulmonary TB | 54(74) | 83(56.8) | 2.2 (1.16–3.99) | 0.015 |
| Extra Pulmonary TB | 19(26) | 63(43.2) | 1 | |
| Positive Smear | ||||
| No | 18(24.7) | 19(13) | 1 | |
| Yes | 55(75.3) | 127(87) | 0.5(0.22–0.94) | 0.033 |
| Previous TB treatment | ||||
| No | 25(34.2) | 116(79.5) | 1 | |
| Yes | 48(65.8) | 30(20.5) | 7.4 (3.66–13.92) | 0.000 |
| Contact with a known TB Patient | ||||
| No | 28(38.4) | 88(60.3) | 1 | |
| Yes | 45(61.6) | 58(39.7) | 10.1(5.19–19.73) | 0.000 |
| HIV status | ||||
| Reactive | 22(30.1) | 45(30.8) | 0.97 (0.53–1.78) | 0.917 |
| Non-reactive | 51(69.9) | 101(69.2) | 1 | |