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. 2018 Apr 2;22:10. doi: 10.1186/s40824-018-0120-3

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — The effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). (a) Effects of AuNPs on the ALP activity of hMSCs. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: (*) p < 0.01. (b) Effects of AuNPs on the mineralized nodule formation of hMSCs. Mineralization quantitated by elution of Alizarin Red S from stained mineral deposits. Results are mean ± SD of triplicate experiments: (*) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.01. NaF at 1 μM used as a positive control for both experimental data. Reprinted with permission from [29]. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society