Table 3.
Gram change in birthweight (95% CI) per interquartile range (IQR)a increase in PM2.5 and black carbon among 56,633 term births, overall and by trimester of pregnancy
| Entire Pregnancy | First Trimester | Second Trimester | Third Trimester | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | ||||
| Modeled | −12.1 (−24.2, −0.1)* | −4.2 (−10.6, 2.3) | −0.3 (−6.8, 6.2) | −5.3 (−11.0, 0.4) |
| Monitored | −15.9 (−31.6, −0.3)* | −3.0 (−9.1, 3.1) | −0.14 (−6.4, 6.1) | −4.3 (−9.6, 1.1) |
| Black Carbon | ||||
| Modeled | 0.0 (−4.7, 4.7) | 1.3 (−2.9, 5.5) | 1.2 (−3.0, 5.4) | −3.6 (−7.8, 0.7) |
| Monitored | 5.7 (−10.9, 22.3) | −1.4 (−8.1, 5.4) | 9.2 (3.3, 15.0)* | −6.6 (−12.0, −1.2)* |
All models adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, tobacco, parity, maternal education, maternal race, maternal insurance, marital status, last menstrual period, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We used multiple imputation to account for covariates with missing data: tobacco (13.7% missing), parity (2.4% missing), maternal education (3.7% missing), maternal race (8.4% missing), maternal insurance (0.6% missing), and marital status (1.0%).
a
IQR is 2.5 µg/m3 for PM2.5 and 0.11 µg/m3 for black carbon.
*
p<0.05