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. 2018 Feb;13(2):211–221. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.226380

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection alters production and degradation of amyloid.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is produced within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi system and is present on the surfaces of both the plasma membrane and endosomes. (a) APP is cleaved by enzymes such as β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) to produce amyloid β (Aβ). (b) Aβ proteins and aggregates can be broken down by the process of autophagy, in which it is recruited to autophagosomes that fuse with the lysosomal compartment to be degraded by lysosomal hydrolases. Intracellular Aβ can also accumulate within endosomes and the ER/Golgi system. (c) HSV-1 capsids associate with APP to alter its distribution. (d) HSV-1 infection increases expression of BACE1, which promotes the production of Aβ. (e) HSV-1 inhibits autophagic processing of Aβ, causing intracellular Aβ oligomers to accumulate within autophagosomes and endosomes.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure