Figure 3.

Very‐low‐protein diets (VLPD: <0.4 mg/kg/day) vs. low‐protein diets (LPD: 0.4–0.8 mg/kg/day). (A) Risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease was 13% lower in those who received very‐low‐protein diets. (B) The pooled results showed a trend towards lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline (in mL/min/year) in those who received very‐low‐protein diets; however, the difference was not significant. The results were pooled using the random‐effects model because of the observed statistical heterogeneity. (C) On average, 1 year GFR was 3.95 mL/min/1.73m² higher in those who received very‐low‐protein diets. (D) The pooled results indicated a trend towards lower 1 year serum urea (in mg/dL) in those who received very‐low‐protein diets. The results of Prakash27 were based on a follow‐up of 9 months. ES, estimate of effect (in this case: GFR decline).