Table 4.
Secondary outcomes - more active versus less active groups (Direct measures of balance)
| Comparison or subgroup | No. of studies | N | Effect size | Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Somatosensory. ratio).++ | 3 | 139 | 0.90 (−0.58, 2.38) | 81% |
| 1.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Somatosensory. ratio). ++. | 2 | 63 | 0.16 (003, 0.29) | 0% |
| *2 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Visual ratio). ++ | 3 | 139 | −2.71 (−3.99, −1.44) | 100% |
| 2.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Visual ratio). ++ | 2 | 63 | 0.13 (0.03, 0.22) | 40% |
| *3 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Vestibular ratio). ++ | 3 | 139 | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.00) | 0% |
| 3.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Vestibular ratio). ++ | 2 | 63 | −0.02 (− 0.04, 0.00) | 0% |
| *4 Static total body stability eyes open (m). Low value indicates better balance. | 3 | 302 | −0.37 (− 0.74, 0.01) | 57% |
| *5 Static total body stability eyes open (cm2). Low value indicates better balance. | 4 | 231 | −0.89 (−2.11, 0.33) | 93% |
| 5.1 Static total body stability eyes open (cm2). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 145 | 0.34 (−0.25, 0.94) | 66% |
| *6 Static total body stability eyes open (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance. | 3 | 161 | −1.55 (−3.35, 0.25) | 95% |
| 6.1 Static total body stability eyes open (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 135 | 0.07 (−0.29, 0.43) | 2% |
| *7 Static total body stability eyes closed (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance. | 3 | 161 | −1.67 (−3.50, 0.16) | 95% |
| 7.1 Static total body stability eyes closed (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 135 | −3.05 (−9.53, 3.43) | 2% |
| *8 Static ML stability body angle (degrees). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 96 | −0.12 (−0.52, 0.28) | 0% |
| *9 Static AP stability body angle (degrees). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 96 | −0.11 (− 0.75, 0.53) | 60% |
| *10 Dynamic AP stability (forward) (angle °). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 72 | 0.01 (−2.19, 2.22) | 94% |
| *11 Dynamic Loss of Stability (max excursion) (%). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 68 | 1.09 (0.57,1.60) | 0% |
| *12 Dynamic Loss of stability (directional control) (%). Low value indicates better balance. | 2 | 68 | 1.02 (0.47, 1.58) | 11% |
Note: Data is shown for 12 variables. For some variables there are two sets of data, the first set of data identified with * includes all available data, whereas the second set of data excludes studies at high risk of bias
Higher value indicates better balance unless otherwise stated
++ Mean difference (95% CI) was calculated (SOT visual, vestibular and somatosensory ratios), and standardised mean (95% CI) calculated for all other measures