Table 2.
Comparison between survivors and non-survivors in patients with ARDS
| Survivors | Non-survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 16) | (n = 5) | ||
| Clinical data | |||
| Age (year) | 59.5 (41.8–70.0) | 71.0 (59.5–77.5) | 0.136 |
| Body height (cm) | 167 (163–170) | 166 (154–170) | 0.835 |
| Body weight (kg) | 64 (59–71) | 62 (57–80) | 0.773 |
| ALI score | 13 (10–14) | 13 (12–15) | 0.557 |
| APACHE II | 14 (10–19) | 18 (14–29) | 0.185 |
| Pre-operation | |||
| Hypertension (Yes/No) | 2/14 | 2/3 | 0.228 |
| ASA | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.768 |
| VATS/open surgery | 8/2 | 4/1 | 0.660 |
| Surgery time (minute) | 210 (280–457) | 320 (220–345) | 1.000 |
| Blood transfusion (Yes/No) | 5/5 | 1/0 | 0.719 |
| Airway management | 7/3 | 3/2 | 0.768 |
| (double-lumen tube/bronchus blocker) | |||
| Anesthesia (volatile/intravenous) | 10/0 | 5/0 | 1.000 |
| Intraoperative I/O | 780 (1350–1800) | 1300 (600–1600) | 0.679 |
| ICU stay days | 21 (11–44) | 25 (20–43) | 0.535 |
| RASS | -1 (−1–0) | −2 (−2 - -1) | 0.040 |
| Ventilator free hours | 48 (24–68) | 0 (0–10) | 0.177 |
| Re-thoracotomy (Yes/No) | 0/16 | 0/5 | 1.000 |
| Re-intubation rate (Yes/No) | 5/16 | 2/0 | 0.780 |
| SOFA score | 8 (7–10) | 7 (7–8) | 0.313 |
| WBC | 13.3 (7.7–13.4) | 12.9 (11.1–14.0) | 0.905 |
| CRP | 21.5 (10.9–22.6) | 12.4 (11–19.7) | 0.495 |
| Medications | |||
| Midazolam (Yes/No) | 15/1 | 5/0 | 1.000 |
| Fentanyl (Yes/No) | 16/0 | 5/0 | 1.000 |
| Norepinephrine (Yes/No) | 6/10 | 2/3 | 1.000 |
| Dopamine (Yes/No) | 2/13 | 1/4 | 0.842 |
| Ventilator settings | |||
| FIO2 | 0.70 (0.56–0.94) | 0.65 (0.60–0.93) | 0.901 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 10.0 (8.5–12.0) | 10.2 (9.7–13.5) | 0.552 |
| RR (bpm) | 16.5 (15.3–23.0) | 26.0 (20.0–27.5) | 0.156 |
| Pinsp (cmH2O) | 18.0 (15.3–20.0) | 22.0 (20.0–22.5) | 0.039 |
| Tinsp (sec) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.548 |
| VT (ml) | 425 (385–545) | 390 (305–493) | 0.385 |
| MV (l/min) | 8.0 (6.6–10.5) | 10.2 (6.9–12.9) | 0.363 |
| Cdyn (ml/cmH2O) | 21.6 (18.5–32.0) | 19.0 (13.9–23.4) | 0.231 |
| Arterial gas analysis | |||
| pH | 7.42 (7.38–7.45) | 7.47 (7.42–7.49) | 0.074 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 78 (67–97) | 90 (66–103) | 0.772 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 38 (29–41) | 40 (39–51) | 0.043 |
| HCO3− (mmol/l) | 24 (19–27) | 30 (28–33) | 0.003 |
| PaO2/FIO2 (mmHg) | 115 (84–180) | 106 (83–171) | 0.901 |
| AaDO2 (mmHg) | 384 (256–536) | 352 (275–516) | 0.967 |
| Time domain HRV measures | |||
| mRRI (ms) | 569 (496–636) | 655 (600–761) | 0.063 |
| SDRR (ms) | 28 (23–34) | 31 (30–41) | 0.063 |
| CVRR (%) | 4.51 (4.47–4.77) | 4.98 (4.49–6.03) | 0.409 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 27 (23–35) | 34 (31–44) | 0.052 |
| Frequency domain HRV measures | |||
| TP (ms2) | 161 (113–246) | 274 (234–529) | 0.023 |
| VLFP (ms2) | 13 (9–55) | 22 (20–70) | 0.231 |
| LFP (ms2) | 47 (32–59) | 75 (64–127) | 0.023 |
| HFP (ms2) | 101 (71–133) | 175 (148–335) | 0.012 |
| HFP/VT (ms2/ml) | 0.23 (0.18–0.32) | 0.64 (0.35–0.82) | 0.007 |
| nVLFP (nu) | 9.7 (7.9–14.3) | 8.9 (6.3–14.4) | 0.710 |
| nLFP (nu) | 27.9 (26.9–28.8) | 27.4 (22.4–28.3) | 0.509 |
| nHFP (nu) | 62.0 (59.4–63.5) | 63.7 (57.5–71.0) | 0.127 |
| nHFP/VT (nu/ml) | 0.15 (0.10–0.16) | 0.17 (0.12–0.24) | 0.386 |
| LHR | 0.45 (0.44–0.48) | 0.43 (0.33–0.50) | 0.127 |
| LHR*VT (1/ml) | 189 (179–254) | 161 (95–238) | 0.302 |
Data are presented as medians (25% - 75% interquartile). ALI: acute lung injury score; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; WBC: white blood cells; CRP: C-reactive protein. Other abbreviations are the same as those depicted in Table 1. The "*" in "LHR*VT" denotes multiplication