Figure 1.

(a and b) Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) loadings of JJA seasonal mean ozone residuals from 1980 to 2016 after removing the effects of surface air temperature, specific humidity, and north‐south and east‐west wind speeds. (c and d) Correlations between the principal components time series for the first and second mode (PC1 and PC2) with sea surface temperatures. (e and f) Same as in Figures 1c and 1d but for the 500 hPa geopotential heights. All data are detrended by removing the 7 year moving average. The dashed contour lines enclose regions in which the correlations reach statistical significance (p < 0.05).