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. 2018 Apr 2;18:42. doi: 10.1186/s12862-018-1165-6

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 8 — Life cycles, including earliest ontogenetic development stages, in different lingulate brachiopods. a extant lingula, showing life cycle of secondary larva. b extant Discinisca, showing life cycle of secondary larva. c early Cambrian Eoobolus, showing life cycle of primary larva with the completion of metamorphosis after settlement. d early Cambrian Eohadrotreta, showing life cycle of primary larva with the completion of metamorphosis after settlement (modified from [12, 15, 20, 26, 29, 45]). Abbreviations: bs, brephic shell; lse, larval setae; mas, mature shell; mse, marginal mantle setae; ns, neanic shell; pr, protegulum; te, tentacle