Table 5.

Post-discharge outpatient addiction treatment and mutual help as mediators of the association between study arm and past-month abstinence in the A-CHESS trial (n = 349)

	Dependent variable
	Post-discharge outpatient addiction treatment (Mediator)		Mutual help (Mediator)		Abstinence (Outcome)		Indirect effect
	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p
Independent variable	Concurrent associations - b (95% CI)
A-CHESS (study arm)	0.11 (0.04–0.20)	0.002	0.07 (−0.01–0.15)	0.101	0.64 (0.20–1.26)	0.043	--	--
Post-discharge outpatient addiction treatment	--	--	--	--	0.81 (−0.18–1.80)	0.108	0.09 (−0.04–0.21)	0.168
Post-discharge mutual help	--	--	--	--	1.93 (1.02–2.85)	<0.001	0.13 (−0.04–0.31)	0.135
Lagged associations - b (95% CI)
A-CHESS (study arm)	0.10 (0.02–0.18)	0.018	0.08 (−0.01–1.71)	0.064	0.85 (0.09–1.60)	0.027	--	--
Post-discharge outpatient addiction treatment	--	--	--	--	0.79 (−0.34-−1.92)	0.169	0.06 (−0.05–1.69)	0.287
Post-discharge mutual help	--	--	--	--	1.87 (0.83–2.92)	<0.001	0.16 (−0.04–0.35)	0.120

Coefficients are displayed from Mplus models computed with the maximum likelihood robust estimator. Linear regression coefficients are shown for post-discharge outpatient addiction treatment and mutual help (the dependent variable was the person-level mean of service use across follow-up periods) and probit regression coefficients are displayed for abstinence. Bolded values are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Models controlled for treatment site, interview month, age, gender, race, presence of mental health problems, prior addiction treatment, reasons for entering treatment, and within-person changes in service utilization. Race was dichotomized to white vs. other (collapsing black and other categories) due to empty bivariate cells. Within-person estimates for the associations between services utilization and abstinence are provided in Appendix E.