Table 3.

How can liquid biopsy markers be implemented for precision medicine in clinical settings?

Analysis Type	Information Provided
Enumeration	Surrogate for conventional biopsies and imaging Prognostic value – overall survival and progression free survival Detection of cancer recurrence Real-time noninvasive monitoring of tumor sensitivity or acquired resistance Treatment algorithm to guide the use of marker levels over the course of treatment75
Gene Expression	Understanding of the mechanism underlying tumor metastasis Identify gene markers predicting disease progression and response to treatment Identify the tissue of origin
Mutation assay	Recognition of “actionable” targets – personalized therapy Recognition of acquired resistance via acquired mutations
Sequencing	Identify novel targets for potential therapies