Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics

Characteristic	Controls	HFpEF	HFrEF	Cohort 2
n	22	30	20	106
Age, years	58±13	64±10	62±11	56±13
Male sex, %	59	50	90†‡	82
Body mass index, kg/m2	26.6±3.8	31.5±6.5*	28.2±6.5	28.0±4.6
Hemoglobin, g/dl	13.8±1.5	13.2±1.9	12.7±1.6	13.4±2.0
Comorbidities, %
Hypertension	45	73*	55	39
Diabetes mellitus	5	33*	25	26
Hyperlipidemia	27	73*	60	51
Pharmacotherapies, %
Diuretics	9	63*	65†	84
ACE inhibitor or ARB	23	27	80†‡	75
β-Adrenergic blocker	9	67*	80†	92
Aldosterone blockade	0	13	45†‡	54
Rest Hemodynamics
LVEF, %	65±6	66±7	30±11†‡	25±9
Supine PAWP, mmHg	9±3	20±5*	20±6†	NA
Supine mPAP, mmHg	15±4	26±6*	26±7†	NA
Cardiac index, l/min/m2	3.1±0.5	2.4±0.6*	2.2±0.5†	NA

HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PAWP, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; and mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure.

^*p<0.05 for comparison of HFpEF and controls,

^†p<0.05 for comparison of HFrEF and controls,

^‡p<0.05 for comparison of HFpEF and HFrEF