Table 4. Association between ACO and sleep-related and respiratory symptoms in the GA2LEN and RHINE III populations, with participants without asthma and COPD as the reference group (adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI)).
| GA2LEN n = 13 967 |
RHINE III n = 11 462 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Difficulty initiating sleep | 3.74 (2.38–5.89) | 3.12 (2.19–4.43) |
| Difficulty maintaining sleep | 2.44 (1.57–3.79) | 1.92 (1.39–2.68) |
| Early-morning awakening | 3.97 (2.58–6.11) | 2.46 (1.74–3.48) |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | 4.75 (3.06–7.38) | 1.89 (1.35–2.66) |
| Wheeze | 73.8 (33.5–162) | 21.5 (14.2–32.6) |
| Nocturnal chest tightness | 19.5 (12.3–30.9) | 8.38 (6.00–11.7) |
| Nocturnal breathlessness | 18.6 (11.9–29.0) | 12.6 (8.51–18.6) |
| Nocturnal cough | 6.19 (3.90–9.81) | 5.32 (3.80–7.44) |
| Chronic bronchitis | 10.9 (6.89–17.24) | 7.97 (5.47–11.6) |
*adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking history, educational level and centre.