Table 1. Socio-demographic and sexual risk characteristics of young women, by executive function test scores, rural South Africa, 2013–2015.
| Rule-finding test score | Trail-making test score | Figure drawing test score | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample N (%) |
≤ 20th percentile N (%) |
> 20th percentile N (%) |
p | ≤ 20th percentile N (%) |
> 20th percentile N (%) |
p | ≤ 80th percentile N (%) |
> 80th percentile N (%) |
p | |
| Socio-demographic variables | ||||||||||
| Age | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.9 | |||||||
| 18–19 | 181 (21.2) | 61 (19.9) | 120 (21.9) | 40 (28.4) | 141 (19.8) | 136 (21.5) | 45 (20.6) | |||
| 20–21 | 485 (56.9) | 161 (52.6) | 324 (59.2) | 70 (49.7) | 415 (58.3) | 360 (56.8) | 125 (57.1) | |||
| 22–25 | 187 (21.9) | 84 (27.5) | 103 (18.8) | 31 (22.0) | 156 (21.9) | 138 (21.8) | 49 (22.4) | |||
| Marital status | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |||||||
| Never married | 823 (97.4) | 291 (96.4) | 532 (98.0) | 139 (98.6) | 684 (97.2) | 611 (97.3) | 212 (97.7) | |||
| Married | 22 (2.6) | 11 (3.6) | 11 (2.0) | 2 (1.4) | 20 (2.8) | 17 (2.7) | 5 (2.3) | |||
| Missing | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 2 | |||
| Educational attainment | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.04 | |||||||
| < Grade 12 | 266 (31.5) | 105 (34.8) | 161 (29.7) | 53 (37.6) | 213 (30.3) | 210 (33.5) | 56 (25.8) | |||
| ≥ Grade 12 | 578 (68.5) | 197 (65.2) | 381 (70.3) | 88 (62.4) | 490 (69.7) | 417 (66.5) | 161 (74.2) | |||
| Missing | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 2 | |||
| Current school enrollment | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.0 | |||||||
| Yes | 361 (42.7) | 118 (39.1) | 243 (44.8) | 53 (37.6) | 308 (43.8) | 268 (42.7) | 93 (42.9) | |||
| No | 484 (57.3) | 184 (60.9) | 300 (55.3) | 88 (62.4) | 396 (56.3) | 360 (57.3) | 124 (57.1) | |||
| Missing | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 2 | |||
| Maternal education | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.2 | |||||||
| Not HS graduate | 600 (76.8) | 230 (81.6) | 370 (74.2) | 111 (82.8) | 489 (75.6) | 452 (77.9) | 148 (73.6) | |||
| HS graduate | 181 (23.2) | 52 (18.4) | 129 (25.9) | 23 (17.2) | 158 (24.4) | 128 (22.1) | 53 (26.4) | |||
| Missing | 72 | 24 | 48 | 7 | 65 | 54 | 18 | |||
| Food insecurity (12 months) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.9 | |||||||
| Yes | 194 (23.6) | 68 (23.1) | 126 (23.8) | 39 (28.5) | 155 (22.6) | 144 (23.5) | 50 (23.8) | |||
| No | 629 (76.4) | 226 (76.9) | 403 (76.2) | 98 (71.5) | 531 (77.4) | 469 (76.5) | 160 (76.2) | |||
| Missing | 30 | 12 | 18 | 4 | 26 | 21 | 9 | |||
| Sexual risk outcomes | ||||||||||
| Ever sex | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||||||
| Yes | 582 (69.3) | 205 (68.8) | 377 (70.0) | 95 (67.4) | 487 (69.7) | 423 (67.9) | 159 (73.3) | |||
| No | 258 (30.7) | 93 (31.2) | 165 (30.4) | 46 (32.6) | 212 (30.3) | 200 (32.1) | 58 (26.7) | |||
| Missing | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 11 | 2 | |||
| Unprotected sex1 | 0.01 | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||||||
| Yes | 174 (31.0) | 75 (37.9) | 99 (27.3) | 30 (33.3) | 144 (30.6) | 134 (33.0) | 40 (25.8) | |||
| No | 387 (69.0) | 123 (62.1) | 264 (72.7) | 60 (66.6) | 327 (69.4) | 272 (67.0) | 115 (74.2) | |||
| Missing | 21 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 16 | 17 | 4 | |||
| Concurrent partners1 | 0.7 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||
| Yes | 92 (15.9) | 34 (16.8) | 58 (15.5) | 22 (23.7) | 70 (14.5) | 75 (17.9) | 17 (10.7) | |||
| No | 485 (84.1) | 169 (83.3) | 316 (84.5) | 71 (76.3) | 414 (85.5) | 343 (82.1) | 142 (89.3) | |||
| Missing | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 | |||
| Transactional sex1,2 | 0.6 | 0.001 | 0.1 | |||||||
| Yes | 135 (26.1) | 50 (27,6) | 85 (25.3) | 34 (40.5) | 101 (23.3) | 104 (28.1) | 31 (21.1) | |||
| No | 382 (74.9) | 131 (72.4) | 251 (74.7) | 50 (59.5) | 332 (76.7) | 266 (71.9) | 116 (78.9) | |||
| Missing | 65 | 24 | 41 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 12 | |||
| HSV-2 status3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||||||
| Positive | 145 (17.0) | 60 (19.6) | 85 (15.6) | 25 (17.7) | 120 (16.9) | 108 (17.1) | 37 (16.9) | |||
| Negative | 707 (83.0) | 246 (80.4) | 461 (84.4) | 116 (82.3) | 591 (83.1) | 525 (82.9) | 182 (83.1) | |||
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Recent HSV-2 infection4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | |||||||
| Positive | 44 (6.8) | 19 (8.5) | 25 (5.9) | 7 (6.1) | 37 (7.0) | 29 (6.1) | 15 (9.0) | |||
| Negative | 601 (93.2) | 204 (91.3) | 397 (94.1) | 108 (93.9) | 493 (93.0) | 449 (93.9) | 152 (91.0) | |||
| Missing | 107 | 42 | 65 | 8 | 99 | 77 | 30 | |||
| Correlations between test scores | Pearson correlation coefficient | p | Pearson correlation coefficient | p | Pearson correlation coefficient | p | ||||
| Rule-finding | 1.00 | 0.08453 | 0.01 | 0.08865 | 0.01 | |||||
| Trail-making | 0.08453 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.07672 | 0.03 | |||||
| Figure drawing | 0.08865 | 0.01 | 0.07672 | 0.03 | 1.00 | |||||
1Outcome calculated among those who reported being sexually active (n = 582)
2Transactional sex was estimated among any of the last three sex partners reported by the young women with whom they were sexually active within the last 12 months
3HSV-2 infection identified at any of the study visits, including baseline among full study population
4HSV-2 infection identified at either of the last two study visits, among those who had not previously tested HSV-2+ (n = 752)