Table S1.
Full estimates from multivariable models for psychiatrist staffing and outcomes
| Variable | Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)a
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prolonged hospitalization | Follow-up visits | Psychiatric readmissions | |
| High-staffing units (reference = low-staffing units) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89)* | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12)* | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99)* |
| Age (years) (reference =0–19) | |||
| 20–39 | 1.09 (0.77, 1.53) | 0.64 (0.60, 0.68)* | 0.74 (0.60, 0.92)* |
| 40–64 | 1.39 (0.96, 2.01) | 0.55 (0.52, 0.59)* | 0.83 (0.67, 1.04) |
| 65–74 | 1.76 (1.21, 2.54)* | 0.45 (0.42, 0.48)* | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) |
| ≥75 | 1.79 (1.23, 2.60)* | 0.34 (0.32, 0.37)* | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) |
| Sex, women (reference = men) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.95)* | 1.11 (1.09, 1.13)* | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00)* |
| Charlson index (reference =0) | |||
| 1 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.19) |
| 2 | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) |
| ≥3 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.95)* | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92)* | 1.24 (1.11, 1.38)* |
| History of psychiatric visit within 90 days | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.58 (1.52, 1.64)* | 1.16 (1.07, 1.25)* |
| History of admission to ICU within 90 days | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) |
| Principal diagnosis (reference = dementia) | |||
| Schizophrenia | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.48 (1.36, 1.61)* | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) |
| Bipolar affective disorders | 0.78 (0.68, 0.90)* | 1.72 (1.58, 1.88)* | 0.96 (0.80, 1.15) |
| Unipolar depressive disorders | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94)* | 1.68 (1.55, 1.83)* | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93)* |
| Other | 0.84 (0.73, 0.96)* | 1.39 (1.27, 1.52)* | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) |
| Involuntary admission (reference = voluntary admission) | 1.45 (1.34, 1.56)* | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 1.10 (1.03, 1.18)* |
| Quartile of number of new psychiatric admissions (reference =First quartile) | |||
| Second quartile | 0.93 (0.80, 1.06) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.21) |
| Third quartile | 0.92 (0.80, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) |
| Fourth quartile (largest) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) |
Notes:
*
P<0.05.
a
Adjusted for hospital, number of new psychiatric admissions, sex, age, Charlson index, history of psychiatric visits, history of ICU admissions, type of admission, and principal diagnosis.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.