Table 2.

Clinical associations of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide

	Caucasian		Asian		P‐value (interaction)
	Univariable	Multivariablea	Univariable	Multivariablea
	β (P‐value)	β (P‐value)	β (P‐value)	β (P‐value)
Demographics
Age	0.114 (0.008)	0.055 (0.275)	0.108 (0.009)	0.155 (0.001)	0.890
Female sex	−0.033 (0.442)	0.014 (0.756)	−0.137 (0.001)	−0.013 (0.752)	0.046
NYHA class	0.127 (0.003)	0.081 (0.085)	0.140 (0.001)	0.108 (0.004)	0.542
BMI	−0.262 (<0.001)	−0.188 (<0.001)	−0.272 (<0.001)	−0.193 (<0.001)	0.588
Heart rate	0.073 (0.091)	0.064 (0.169)	0.045 (0.280)	0.016 (0.678)	0.642
LVEF	−0.253 (<0.001)	−0.259 (<0.001)	−0.345 (<0.001)	−0.456 (<0.001)	0.258
HFpEF	−0.232 (<0.001)	−0.064 (0.457)	−0.376 (<0.001)	−0.238 (0.007)	0.076
Medical history
Myocardial infarction	0.063 (0.140)	−0.029 (0.547)	0.116 (0.015)	0.031 (0.475)	0.361
Peripheral vascular disease	0.055 (0.199)	0.019 (0.685)	0.095 (0.022)	0.090 (0.015)	0.216
Hypertension	0.041 (0.335)	0.073 (0.128)	−0.059 (0.158)	−0.043 (0.266)	0.087
Atrial fibrillation	0.051 (0.231)	0.033 (0.491)	0.094 (0.023)	0.124 (0.001)	0.323
Diabetes	0.000 (0.991)	0.051 (0.278)	0.020 (0.625)	0.037 (0.327)	0.728
Laboratory
eGFR	−0.219 (<0.001)	−0.223 (<0.001)	−0.223 (<0.001)	−0.185 (<0.001)	0.061

BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HFpEF, heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

Explanatory note: univariable and multivariable associations for between clinical variables and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels are shown. The P‐value for interaction is the interaction between ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian) and the clinical variable for the association with NT‐proBNP. Data in bold are P‐values <0.05.

^aCorrected for age, sex, BMI, LVEF, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, and a history of atrial fibrillation.