TABLE 2.

RISK OF STROKE EVENTS BY CURRENT USE OF PPI THERAPY

TOTAL STROKE
		NON-USER	REGULAR USER
NHS	Cases/Person-years	1,707/635,985	330/110,756
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.14 (1.01–1.29)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.07 (0.95–1.21)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	1.01 (0.89–1.16)
HPFS	Cases/Person-years	467/170,856	95/31,733
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.03 (0.82–1.29)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.00 (0.80–1.25)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.89 (0.69–1.14)
TOTAL	Cases/Person-years	2,174/806,841	425/142,489
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.11 (1.00–1.24)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.06 (0.95–1.17)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.99 (0.88–1.11)
ISCHEMIC STROKE
		NON-USER	REGULAR USER
NHS	Cases/Person-years	811/635,985	169/110,756
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.27 (1.07–1.51)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.18 (0.99–1.40)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	1.08 (0.89–1.30)
HPFS	Cases/Person-years	225/170,856	56/31,733
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.21 (0.90–1.62)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.18 (0.88–1.60)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	1.08 (0.77–1.51)
TOTAL	Cases/Person-years	1,036/806,841	225/142,489
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.25 (1.08–1.46)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.18 (1.02–1.37)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	1.08 (0.91–1.27)
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
		NON-USER	REGULAR USER
NHS	Cases/Person-years	223/635,985	36/110,756
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	0.94 (0.65–1.35)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	0.97 (0.67–1.40)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.94 (0.63–1.39)
HPFS	Cases/Person-years	50/170,856	12/31,733
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	1.19 (0.63–2.25)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.12 (0.59–2.15)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.79 (0.38–1.63)
TOTAL	Cases/Person-years	273/806,841	48/142,489
	Age-adjusted	1 (Ref.)	0.99 (0.72–1.36)
	Model 1	1 (Ref.)	1.01 (0.73–1.38)
	Model 2	1 (Ref.)	0.90 (0.64–1.27)

Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous), smoking status (never <5, 5–20, 20–40, >40 pack-years), alcohol intake (g/day, continuous), body-mass index (continuous), physical activity (metabolic-equivalent task/week, continuous), Alternative Healthy Eating Index scores (continuous), menopausal hormone use (among women, current vs. past/never), multivitamin use, regular aspirin use, regular non-aspirin NSAID use, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, or diabetes

Model 2: Model 1 + history of peptic ulcer disease (ever/never), history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD; ever/never), history of gastrointestinal bleeding (ever/never), history of prior histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) usage (ever/never)