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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Feb 23;42(4):770–780. doi: 10.1111/acer.13604

Table 1.

Characteristics of the 40- and 5-year samples

Variable 40-year sample
(n=1879)
5-year sample
(n=488)
Age, M(SD) 46.65(14.99) 37.79(13.90)
Male Gender, % 59.67 57.10
Race Ethnicity, %
 White, Non-Hispanic 61.00 57.49
 Black, Non-Hispanic 13.66 12.08
 Hispanic 17.79 22.95
 Other, Non-Hispanic 7.54 7.48
Household Income less than 50,000 USD, % 51.75 50.80
Primary Substance, %
 Alcohol 58.55 61.30
 Cannabis 12.80 15.20
 Opioids 5.67 9.90
 Other Drug 22.98 13.60
Employed, % 54.52 57.80
College Education, % 52.22 53.13
Years Since AOD Problem Resolved, M(SD) 11.42(9.81) 2.17(1.61)
Quality of Life, M(SD) 3.65(0.83) 3.42(0.89)
Psychological Distress, M(SD) 4.86(5.42) 6.87(5.84)
Happiness, M(SD) 3.76(.94) 3.5(.98)
Self-Esteem, M(SD) 3.5(1.15) 3.23(1.19)
Recovery Capital, M(SD) 46.81(9.77) 43.67(10.48)

Note: sample size estimates in the header are unweighted; proportions, means and standard deviations reported in the table incorporate sampling weights