. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Fam Syst Health. 2017 Nov 27;36(1):45–61. doi: 10.1037/fsh0000305

Table 1.

Core Dimensions of Parenting

Dimensions:	Definition
Warmth	Expression of love & caring, acceptance, kindness, regard
Rejection	Expression of active dislike, hostility, harshness, derision, disapproval, over- reactivity, explosiveness
Structure	Predictable, consistent, & clear expectations, guidelines, and rules for mature behavior; consistent & appropriate limit-setting, firm control
Chaos	Inconsistent, erratic, unpredictable, undependable behavior, lax control
Autonomy Support	Allows freedom of expression & action; encourages independent problem-solving, active participation in decision-making; communicates respect & deference for child opinions
Coercion	Restrictive, over-controlling, intrusive, strict obedience demanded, punitive discipline, psychological control, autocratic