Table 2.
Demographic, health, and substance use disorder characteristics and cytokine levels of patients at each study site
| The Assessment Unit | Bla Kors Eina | Sorlighau gen | Modum Bad | Riisby | p- value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=38 | n=15 | n=8 | n=4 | n=15 | ||
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 35.8 (10.4) | 50.9(10.2) | 32.6 (8.1) | 52.8(5.8) | 50.8(8.5) | - |
| Male | 30 (79.0) | 15(100.0) | 4 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 6 (40.0) | - |
| Single/never married | 29 (76.3) | 11 (73.3) | 4 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 7 (46.7) | - |
| Full-time employment past 6 months | 5 (13.5) | 3 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | - |
| Health | ||||||
| Chronic disease present | 15 (39.5) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (40.0) | - |
| Weekly/daily over the counter medication use | 20 (52.6) | 6 (40.0) | 2 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (26.7) | - |
| Substance use disorders | ||||||
| Past year AUD only | 8 (21.1) | 10 (66.7) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (50.0) | 9 (60.0) | - |
| Past year DUD only | 17 (44.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (20.0) | - |
| Past year comorbid AUD and DUD | 9 (23.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (13.3) | - |
| Cytokines | ||||||
| IL-6 (mean, SD) | 2.2 (0.40) | 1.9(0.28) | 2.6 (0.42) | 2.2(0.21) | 2.7(0.26) | 0.002 |
| TNF-a (mean, SD) | 3.9 (0.29) | 3.6(0.26) | 4.1 (0.30) | 3.5(0.19) | 4.1(0.28) | 0.02 |
| INF-g (mean, SD) | 4.8 (0.44) | 4.4(0.40) | 5.2 (0.25) | 4.9(0.14) | 5.2(0.24) | 0.001 |
| IL-10 (mean, SD) | 2.6 (0.41) | 2.1 (0.53) | 2.8 (0.45) | 2.6 (0.20) | 3.0 (0.46) | 0.003 |
| Psychological distress measures | ||||||
| Depression score (mean, SD) | 49.2 (8.2) | 46.1(8.3) | 43.1 (6.0) | 46.5(8.3) | 54.9(12.7) | 0.15 |
| Anxiety score (mean, SD) | 49.9 (5.4) | 45.7(5.8) | 46 (6.9) | 47.5(0.6) | 45.6(9.6) | 0.03 |
| Psychological distress score (mean, SD) | 51.9 (8.8) | 48.0(10.1) | 50.5(11.4) | 69.5(5.0) | 58.1(12.5) | 0.01 |
Note: No statistical tests for differences were performed for demographics, health measures, and substance use disorders due to small cell sizes.