Table 2.
Baseline, Post-Intervention and Group Difference Post-Intervention Scores, from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, 2013–2016
| Baseline, mean (SD) | Post-intervention, mean (SD) | Post-intervention | P value | Cohen’s d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MBSR (n = 80) | Control (n = 68) | MBSR (n = 71) | Control (n = 67) | Group difference (95% CI)* | |||
| Primary outcome | |||||||
| Burnout – Emotional exhaustion (0–48) | 16.5 (7.8) | 14.5 (7.1) | 15.0 (5.7) | 13.7 (7.8) | 0.09 (−1.73 to 1.92) | 0.92 | 0.01 |
| Secondary outcome | |||||||
| Burnout – Depersonalization (0–30) | 5.5 (3.9) | 4.8 (3.0) | 5.1 (3.1) | 4.8 (3.1) | 0.17 (−0.74 to 1.08) | 0.71 | 0.05 |
| Burnout – Reduced personal accomplishment (0–42) | 15.2 (5.1) | 15.1 (5.0) | 13.9 (4.6) | 15.1 (4.5) | −1.19 (−0.13 to −2.25) | 0.03 | 0.24 |
| Worry (16–80) | 48.3 (15.2) | 44.0 (12.7) | 43.1 (14.1) | 43.1 (12.9) | −3.21 (−6.20 to −0.21) | 0.04 | 0.23 |
| Work–home interference (1–4) | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.4) | −0.08 (−0.19 to 0.03) | 0.17 | 0.18 |
| Home–work interference (1–4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.02 (−0.08 to 0.12) | 0.65 | 0.06 |
| Mindfulness skills (24–120) | 74.5 (11.3) | 74.7 (10.9) | 79.3 (10.3) | 76.2 (10.8) | 3.61 (0.88 to 6.33) | 0.01 | 0.33 |
| Self-compassion (1–7) | 3.9 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.1) | 4.3 (1.0) | 3.9 (1.1) | 0.36 (0.09 to 0.63) | 0.01 | 0.35 |
| - Positive factor | 4.1 (1.0) | 4.1 (1.0) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.1) | 0.27 (−0.02 to 0.55) | 0.07 | 0.26 |
| - Negative factor | 4.4 (1.3) | 4.5 (1.3) | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.4 (1.4) | −0.47 (−0.83 to − 0.11) | 0.01 | 0.36 |
| Positive mental health (0–5) | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.08 (−0.12 to 0.28) | 0.43 | 0.10 |
| Empathy – Perspective-taking (1–7) | 5.7 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.7) | 6.0 (0.6) | 5.7 (0.6) | 0.20 (0.03 to 0.38) | 0.03 | 0.33 |
| Empathy – Compassionate care (1–7) | 5.9 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.7) | 6.0 (0.7) | 5.9 (0.8) | 0.06 (−0.16 to 0.28) | 0.61 | 0.08 |
| Empathy – Standing in the patient’s shoes (1–7) | 5.9 (0.9) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.9 (0.9) | −0.19 (−0.46 to 0.08) | 0.16 | 0.20 |
| Medical errors (1–5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.6) | −0.05 (−0.20 to 0.10) | 0.53 | 0.09 |
MBSR = Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
*Differences between conditions are adjusted for baseline values