Table 2.

Systemic markers of inflammation, glucose homeostasis and adiposity

Marker	Non-obese control (N = 12)	Obese pre-surgery (N = 22)	Obese post-surgery (N = 22)	P value control vs. pre-surgery	P value pre- vs. post-surgery
hsCRP (mg/L)	3.6 (1.2)	5.5 (0.9)	1.6 (0.4)	0.190	< 0.001
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	4.5 (0.1)	5.8 (0.4)	4.9 (0.4)	0.003	0.001
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	36.1 (0.9)	42.2 (2.9)	38.5 (2.4)	0.194	0.001
Insulin (pmol/L)	64.6 (10.6)	117.1 (19.6)	54.3 (7.8)	0.025	0.001
HOMA-IR	1.2 (0.2)	2.2 (0.3)	1.0 (0.1)	0.014	< 0.001
Leptin (ng/mL)	11.2 (3.2)	62.5 (14.3)	15.6 (3.9)	0.002	0.003

Data are presented as mean (SEM). Independent sample t test used to compare non-obese control and obese pre-surgery participants. Paired sample t test used to compare participants pre- and post-surgery

hsCRP highly sensitive C-reactive protein, HbA1c haemoglobin A1c, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance