Table 3.

Expression of pro-inflammatory genes in rectal biopsies from non-obese control participants and obese participants pre- and post-RYGB

Gene	Non-obese control (N = 20)	Obese pre-surgery (N = 22)	Obese Post-surgery (N = 22)	P value control vs. pre-surgery	P value pre- vs. post-surgery
MIF	2.162 (2.375)	1.796 (1.085)	2.239 (1.269)	0.497	0.322
COX-1	0.038 (0.021)	0.042 (0.029)	0.031 (0.015)	0.420	0.019
COX-2	0.012 (0.089)	0.009 (0.004)	0.010 (0.008)	0.676	0.931
IL-6	0.007 (0.037)	0.003 (0.005)	0.006 (0.010)	0.068	0.322
c-FOS	0.187 (0.230)	0.128 (0.321)	0.169 (0.665)	0.548	0.306
c-JUN	0.097 (0.109)	0.105 (0.057)	0.101 (0.096)	0.450	0.638

Data are expressed as median (IQR) 2^-ΔCT × 1000 relative to geometric mean of reference genes GAPDH and 18S rRNA. Mann-Whitney U test used to compare non-obese control and obese pre-surgery participants. Wilcoxon signed-rank test used to compare participants pre- and post-surgery