Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with pT4 colon and rectosigmoid cancer (N = 130)
| Parameters | Categories | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 64.2 ± 11.5 | |
| Gender | Male | 73 (56.2) |
| Female | 57 (43.8) | |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 22.3 ± 3.1 | |
| ASA scorea | 1 | 56 (43.1) |
| 2 | 62 (47.7) | |
| 3 | 12 (9.2) | |
| CEA, mean ± SD, ng/ml | 9.7 ± 14.0 | |
| Tumor location (1) | Cecum | 25 (19.2) |
| Ascending | 30 (23.1) | |
| Sigmoid | 63 (48.5) | |
| Rectosigmoid | 12 (9.2) | |
| Tumor location (2) | Right-sided | 55 (42.3) |
| Left-sided | 75 (57.7) | |
| Operative procedure | ICR | 20 (15.4) |
| RHC | 35 (26.9) | |
| SR | 63 (48.5) | |
| AR | 12 (9.2) | |
| Anastomosis | DST | 68 (52.3) |
| FEEA | 62 (47.7) | |
| Depth of invasion (cT) | cT3 | 32 (24.6) |
| cT4a | 98 (75.4) | |
| Lymph node metastasis (cN) | cN0 | 61 (46.9) |
| cN1 | 64 (49.2) | |
| cN2 | 5 (3.8) | |
| Distant metastasis (cM) | cM0 | 130 (100.0) |
| cM1 | 0 (0.0) | |
| Clinical stage (UICC 7th) | IIA | 25 (19.2) |
| IIB | 36 (27.7) | |
| IIIB | 65 (50.0) | |
| IIIC | 4 (3.1) | |
| Depth of invasion (pT) | pT4a | 125 (96.2) |
| pT4b | 5 (3.8) | |
| Lymph node metastasis (pN) | pN0 | 47 (36.2) |
| pN1 | 56 (43.1) | |
| pN2 | 27 (20.8) | |
| Distant metastasis (pM) | pM0 | 130 (100.0) |
| pM1 | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pathological stage (UICC 7th) | IIB | 44 (33.8) |
| IIC | 3 (2.3) | |
| IIIB | 56 (43.1) | |
| IIIC | 27 (20.8) | |
| Harvested lymph nodes, mean ± SD | 19.9 ± 9.3 | |
| Lymph node ratiob, mean ± SD | 0.12 ± 0.16 | |
| Tumor differentiation | Well | 39 (30.0) |
| Moderately | 81 (62.3) | |
| Poorly | 10 (7.7) | |
| Lymphatic invasion | ly0 | 16 (12.3) |
| ly1 | 54 (41.5) | |
| ly2 | 45 (34.6) | |
| ly3 | 15 (11.5) | |
| Vascular invasion | v0 | 2 (1.5) |
| v1 | 45 (34.6) | |
| v2 | 50 (38.5) | |
| v3 | 33 (25.4) | |
| Tumor diameter, mean ± SD, mm | 47.3 ± 18.0 | |
| Radial resection margin | Negative | 129 (99.2) |
| Positive | 1 (0.8) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | Absence | 63 (48.5) |
| Presence | 67 (51.5) |
ICR ileocecal resection, RHC right hemicolectomy, SR sigmoidectomy, AR anterior resection, DST double stapling technique, FEEA functional end-to-end anastomosis, SD standard deviation
aAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists score
bThe ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to the total number of harvested lymph nodes