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. 2018 Mar 27;10:85. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00085

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Copyright © 2018 Li, Ma, Wang, Chen, Hu, Wang, Fu, Shi, Zhang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of MSL on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway in APPsw cells. (A) Immunofluorescence analysis was used to determine the phosphorylation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, ERK1/2, and the production of TNF-α by APPsw cells in the presence of copper. Fluorescent images and intensities were analyzed by a Cellomics ArrayScan high-content screening (HCS) Reader and software. Quantified values of JNK (B), p38 (C), ERK1/2 (D) and TNF-α (E) were analyzed by Mean_Avginten. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 6, ***p < 0.001 vs. untreated cells; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. copper-treated cells.