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. 2018 Mar 27;9:269. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00269

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Copyright © 2018 Mu, Xu, Ma, Li, Ji, Zhang, Amat and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HF, by oral gavage, prevented articular cartilage degeneration after ACLT at 30 d (A) and 60 d (B). Safranin O & Fast Green staining of sagittal sections of tibial medial compartment, where proteoglycan is in red and bone is in blue (top). Scale bar, 500 μm. H&E staining (bottom), where thickness of HC and CC are marked by double-headed arrows. Scale bar, 100 μm. HC and CC changes in thickness among different groups at 1 m (C) and 2 m (D) after sham surgery or ACLT. ^**p < 0.01 compared to sham group, ##p < 0.01 compared to vehicle-treated ACLT group. (E) Histologic OA Score of articular cartilage at different time-points. ^*p < 0.05 as denoted by bar, ^**p < 0.01 as denoted by bar.