Table 4.
Multivariable linear regression analyses exploring associations between muscle density and physical function with adjustment for features of insulin resistance.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hand grip strength (kg) | 0.043 (-0.359, 0.444) | -0.034 (-0.484, 0.415) | -0.015 (-0.469, 0.440) |
| Knee extension strength (kg) | 0.395 (-0.121, 0.912) | 0.130 (-0.440, 0.699) | 0.112 (-0.465, 0.689) |
| Path length (cm) | -1.780 (-2.696, -0.865) | -1.638 (-2.687, -0.589) | -1.573 (-2.630, -0.515) |
| Stair climb time (s) | -0.267 (-0.405, -0.129) | -0.235 (-0.393, -0.077) | -0.219 (-0.376, -0.061) |
| Chair stands time (s) | -0.797 (-1.405, -0.188) | -0.886 (-1.556, -0.216) | -0.866 (-1.553, -0.179) |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.005 (-0.005, 0.014) | 0.003 (-0.008, 0.014) | 0.003 (-0.008, 0.014) |
| SPPB score | 0.144 (0.043, 0.244) | 0.113 (0.004, 0.222) | 0.118 (0.007, 0.228) |
| M-FES score | 2.263 (1.293, 3.234) | 2.302 (1.230, 3.374) | 2.346 (1.261, 3.431) |
Data are regression coefficients and (95% CI) for muscle density (mg/cm3). Model 1 adjusted for age, sex and moderate/vigorous physical activity. Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 plus fasting glucose and visceral adipose tissue. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 plus CRP. Abbreviations: SPPB; Short Physical Performance Battery, M-FES; Modified Falls Efficacy Scale.