Table 4. Outcomes of primary open realignment.
| Author | Number | Age, mean (range) | Follow up, mean (range) | Stricture, % (N) | Erectile dysfunction, % (N) | Incontinence, % (N) | Catheter time | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myers 1972 (151) | 22 | 7–71 y | ≥18 m | 59 (13/22) | Ua | Ua | 4–6 w | Urethral traction |
| Jackson 1974 (152) | 63 (27 FU) | 32.3 y (15–65 y) | Ua | 74 (20/27) | 46 (23/50) | Ua | Ua | Railroading |
| Gibson 1974 (149) | 44 | 37 y (13–72 y) | 6 y (3–12 y) | 73 (32/44) | 32 (14/44) | Ua | 3–4 w | – |
| Janknegt 1975 (153) | 7 | Ua | Ua | 0 (0/3) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Prostatic vest suture traction |
| Janosz 1975 (2) | 34 | 38 y (13–69 y) | 5 y (96 m–12 y) | 44 (15/34) | 62 (21/34) | Ua | Ua | – |
| Crassweller 1977 (161) | 38 | Ua | (6 m–10 y) | 100 (38/38) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 100% required dilation |
| De Weerd 1977 (7) | 28 (22 FU) | (7–71 y) | (>18 m) | 100 (22/22) | Ua | 10 (2/20) | 5 w | 100% periodic sounding |
| Malek 1977 (162) | 7 | (6–15 y) | 14 y (8–22 y) | 57 (4/7) | 0 (0/7) | 0 (0/7) | Ua | Functionally significant stricture |
| Glass 1978 (62) | 8 | Ua | Ua | 50 (4/8) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Guba 1978 (154) | 2 | Ua | Ua | 0 (0/2) | Ua | 0 (0/2) | Ua | – |
| Islam 1978 (155) | 3 | 45.5 y (19–61 y) | 4.3 y (4–6 y) | 100 (3/3) | 0 (0/3) | 0 (0/3) | Ua | – |
| Cass 1978 (135) | 35 (16 FU) | (<20–>60 y) | 14 m (1–87 m) | 62 (11/16) | 38 (3/7) | 21 (3/14) | Ua | Railroading |
| Morehouse Mackinnon 1980 (25) | 54 | Ua | Ua | 100 (54/54) | 43 (23/54) | 44 (24/54) | Ua | – |
| Patterson 1983 (156) | 34 (29 FU) | (68–72 y) | Ua | 38 (11/29) | 15 (4/27) | 3 (1/29) | Ua | Functionally significant stricture |
| Al-Ali 1983 (159) | 16 (14 FU) | Ua | (6 w–6 y) | 36 (5/14) | 40 (2/5) | 14 (2/14) | 2 w | Only 5>12 m |
| Cass 1984 (36) | 24 (14 FU) | Ua | Ua | 79 (11/14) | 75 (6/8) | 11 (1/9) | Ua | – |
| Fowler 1986 (157) | 12 | 45 y (18–83 y) | 4 y (1–10 y) | 100 (12/12) | 17 (2/12) | 17 (2/12) | 2–8 w | Traction |
| 100% bougiage | ||||||||
| Murshidi 1988 (158) | 3 | 30.7 y (20–33 y) | 1.7 y (1–2 y) | 100 (3/3) | Ua | Ua | 4 w | All DIU |
| Morehouse 1988 (104) | 128 | Ua | Ua | 11 (14/128) | 38 (33/87) | 23 (21/92) | Ua | – |
| Zingg 1990 (129) | 21 (20 FU) | Ua | Ua | 60 (12/20) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Husmann 1990 (143) | 17 | Ua | Ua | 94 (16/17) | 65 (11/17) | 12 (2/17) | Ua | – |
| Follis 1992 (8) | 20 | 28 y (4–65 y) | 42 m (1–360 m) | 15 (3/20) | 20 (4/20) | 0 (0/20) | Ua | 10% significant haemorrhage |
| Boone 1992 (92) | 7 | (children) | (>15 y) | 43 (3/7) | 14 (1/7) | 0 (0/7) | Ua | High blood loss |
| El-Abd 1995 (20) | 44 | Ua | 24 m | 100 (44/44) | 79.5 (35/44) | 2 (1/44) | Ua | Railroading |
| Koraitim 1996 (131) | 23 | Ua | Ua | 56 (12/23) | 28 (5/18) | 4 (1/23) | Ua | Sounds |
| Routt 1996 (150) | 9 | Ua | Ua | 44 (4/9) | 16.7 (1/6) | Ua | Ua | – |
| Kotkin 1996 (140) | 20 | Ua | 51 m (13–115 m) | 50 (9/18) | 24 (4/18) | 17 (3/18) | 4–8 w | Railroading |
| 3 bladder stones | ||||||||
| Elliott, Barrett 1997 (107) | 53 | 31 y | 10.5 y | 66 (35/53) | 21 (11/53) | 3.7 (2/53) | Ua | Railroading |
| Asci 1999 (144) | 12 | Ua | 39 m | 45 (5/12) | 20 (2/10) | 10 (1/10) | Ua | – |
| Khan 2000 (160) | 32 | 28 y (3–81 y) | 6.5 y (9 m–46 y) | 78 (25/32) | 27 (8/30) | 6 (2/32) | 6–8 w | Railroad |
| Upadhyaya 2002 (132) | 4 | (18 m–10 y) | (6 m–10 y) | 75 (3/4) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Balkan 2005 (148) | 12 | 7.4 y (5–10 y) | 4.92±2.36 y | 66.7 (8/12) | Ua | 8.3 (1/12) | 3–4 w | Quoted stricture rate 16.7% (did not count UD or DVIU as failure) |
| Mouraviev 2005 (142) | 57 | Ua | Ua | 49 (28/57) | 34 (20/57) | 18 (10/57) | Ua | Interlocking sounds |
| NB all did urethral hydrodilation | ||||||||
| Onen 2005 (133) | 22 | (4–17 y) | Ua | 22.7 (5/22) | 22.7 (5/22) | 18.1 (4/22) | Ua | – |
Ua, un-assessed; DVIU, direct visual internal urethrotomy; DIU, direct internal urethrotomy.