Table 5. Outcome of primary endoscopic realignment.
| Author | Number | Age, mean (range) | Follow up, mean (range) | Stricture, % (N) | Erectile dysfunction, % (N) | Incontinence, % (N) | Catheter Time | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieberman 1982 (138) | 4 | Ua | (2–9 m) | 25 (1/4) | Ua | Ua | Ua | DVIU |
| 1 req recurrent DVIU + 6 weekly UD | ||||||||
| Towler, Eisen 1987 (178) | 4 | 41.3 y (27–58 y) | 1.9 y (8 m–4 y) | 75 (3/4) | Ua | 0 (0/5) | 4–6 w | 2 DIU |
| 1 U Dilation | ||||||||
| Chiou 1988 (164) | 8 | Ua | Ua | 100 (8/8) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 2–3 urethrotomies/pt in first 12m |
| Gelbard 1989 (17) | 7 (6 FU) | 35.4 y (9–60 y) | 9.6 m (2–24 m) | 50 (3/6) | 17 (1/6) | 0 (0/7) | 4 w | 2 DIU |
| 1 U dilation | ||||||||
| Cohen 1991 (15) | 5 | (17–41 y) | ≤18 m | 100 (5/5) | 50 (2/4) | 20 (1/5) | 6–13 w | All had 3m CISC |
| Guille 1991 (179) | 5 | 43 y (19–57 y) | 12 m | 75 (3/4) | 20 (1/5) | 0 (0/5) | 3 w | – |
| Yasuda 1991 (180) | 17 | Ua | 3.7 y (1–8 y) | 100 (17/17) | 41 (7/17) | 12 (2/17) | 6 w | All required UD/sounds in 1st 6m |
| Herschorn 1992 (12) | 16 | Ua | 27 m (13–83 m) | 63 (10/16) | 42 (5/12) | Ua | 8 w | – |
| Kotkin 1996 (140) | 12 | Ua | 38 m (12–98 m) | 10 (1/10) | 30 (3/10) | 20 (2/10) | 1–4 w | 2 stretch, 2 partial |
| Routt 1996 (150) | 23 (9 FU) | 35.3 y (17–63 y) | 15.5 m (3–36 m) | 44 (4/9) | 17 (3/18) | 20 (1/5) | Ua | – |
| Londergan 1997 (167) | 5 | Ua | (1–35 m) | 80 (4/5) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Porter 1997 (14) | 13 (10 FU) | 24.8 y (10–47 y) | 6.1 m (2–31 m) | 50 (5/10) | 10 (1/10) | 0 (0/10) | 8–10 w | Magnetic catheters |
| Podesta 1997 (4) | 10 | Ua | (3–17 y) | 100 (10/10) | 10 (1/10) | 0 (0/10) | Ua | Urethral catheter |
| Gheiler 1997 (11) | 3 | (25–36 y) | 6 m | 100 (3/3) | 0 (0/3) | 0 (0/3) | 6 w | Flexi insertion with guidewire, 100% CISC |
| Rehman 1998 (181) | 6 | Ua | Ua | 67 (4/6) | 17 (1/6) | 0 (0/6) | Ua | Fluoroscopic realignment |
| Reinberg 1998 (136) | 3 | 9.5 y (3–17 y) | 27.9 m | 100 (3/3) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Jepson 1999 (182) | 8 | (16–64 y) | 50.4 m (35–85 m) | 75 (6/8) | 37.5 (3/8) | 12.5 (1/8) | 6–9 w | Above and below guidewire |
| 1 colovesical fistula | ||||||||
| Moudouni 2001 (168) | 29 | 36 y (17–70 y) | 68 m (18–155 m) | 54 (16/29) | 14 (4/29) | 0 (0/29) | Ua | Antegrade and retrograde cystoscopy |
| Kielb 2001 (13) | 10 (6 FU) | 36.8 y | 18 m (9–27 m) | 100 (6/6) | 100 (6/6) | 17 (1/6) | Minimum 6 w | 100% CISC |
| Flexi insertion with guidewire | ||||||||
| Tazi 2003 (183) | 36 | Ua | 34 m (12–72 m) | 41.7 (15/36) | 19.4 (7/36) | 0 (0/36) | Ua | – |
| Healy 2007 (184) | 10 | Ua | 41.4 m | 50 (4/8) | 50 (4/8) | 0 (0/8) | Ua | 2 patients failed endoscopic alignment and required delayed urethroplasty |
| Hadjizacharia 2008 (185) | 14 | 30 y | 7 m (14 d–1.7 y) | 43 (6/14) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Olapade-Olaopa 2010 (186) | 10 | Ua | 36.6 m | 100 (10/10) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/10) | Ua | – |
| Sofer 2010 (187) | 11 | 32 y (20–62 y) | 4.3 y (2–7 y) | 45 (5/11) | 45 (5/11) | 0 (0/11) | 4 w | – |
| Leddy 2012 (88) | 19 | 36 y (21–73 y) | 40 m (10–80 m) | 78.9 (15/19) | 0 (0/19) | 0 (0/19) | Minimum 3 w | ED + SUI in failures |
| Seo 2012 (87) | 51 | 47.8 y (23–70 y) | 89.1 m (60–176 m) | 39.2 (20/51) | Ua | Ua | Mean 22 d (6–63 d) | – |
| Kim 2013 (188) | 15 | Ua | 31.8 m | 53.3 (8/15) | 46.7 (7/15) | 20 (3/15) | Ua | – |
| Shrestha 2013 (169) | 20 | Ua | 6 m | 100 (20/20) | 5 (1/20) | 0 (0/20) | Ua | All pt CISC for 3 m. 25% re-stricture afterwards |
| Johnsen 2015 (175) | 27 | 39 y (±14 y) | 39 m (±40 m) | 63.6 (17/27) | Ua | Ua | 60.9 d (±36.2 d) | – |
Ua, un-assessed; DVIU, direct visual internal urethrotomy; ED, erectile dysfunction; UD, urethral dilation; DU, delayed urethroplasty; CISC, clean intermittent self catheterisation; SUI, stress urinary incontinence.