Table 6. Outcome of delayed endoscopic treatment.
| Author | Number | Age, mean (range) | Follow up, mean (range) | Stricture, % (N) | Erectile dysfunction, % (N) | Incontinence, % (N) | Catheter time | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieberman 1982 (138) | 4 | 31.5 y (20–53 y) | 4.1 m (2–9 m) | 100 (4/4) | Ua | 25 (1/4) | 1–3 w | 100% dilation |
| Gonzalez 1983 (202) | 3 | 49 y (21–74 y) | 17.6 m (11–28 m) | 100 (3/3) | 0 (0/2) | 0 (0/2) | Ua | Mean 3 DIU each |
| Chiou 1985 (165) | 1 | 45 | Ua | 100 (1/1) | 0 (0/1) | 0 (0/1) | 3 w | DIU |
| Gupta 1986 (203) | 10 | (20–58 y) | 16.2 m (6–24 m) | 100 (10/10) | 0 (0/10) | 40 (4/10) | 4–8 m | All >2 DIU |
| McCoy 1987 (204) | 12 | 20–64 y | 22 m (6–35 m) | 100 (11/11) | 0 (0/5) | 25 (3/12) | 3–7 m | 6 DIU 12 U Dilation |
| 58% (7/12) ED post injury | ||||||||
| Fishman 1987 (195) | 1 | Ua | Ua | 100 (1/1) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Goodwin sound guided DIU |
| Marshall 1987 (205) | 5 | 29.8 y (13–48 y) | Ua | 100 (5/5) | 50 (2/4) | 0 (0/5) | 6–7 m | All CISC and or DIU |
| Peterson 1987 (206) | 5 | 31.4 y (24–45 y) | 28.8 m (18–42 m) | 100 (5/5) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Forceful perforation with sound |
| All CISC, 3DIU | ||||||||
| Chiou 1988a (164) | 9 (8 FU) | 38 y (21–74 y) | 3.6 m (1–6.6 m) | 100 (8/8) | 0 (0/4) | 14 (1/7) | 3–4 w | Thin trocar puncture All 2–3 DIU |
| Chiou 1988b (166) | 3 | 53 y (39–68 y) | 21.5 m (12–31 m) | 67 (2/3) | 33 (1/3) | 0 (0/3) | 3 w | Endourethroplasty |
| FTSG prepuce | ||||||||
| Lim 1989 (207) | 20 | 36 y (20–75 y) | 4 y (4–12 y) | 100 (20/20) | 5 (1/20) | 10 (2/20) | Ua | 100% dilation, mean of 5 each |
| Marshall 1989 (208) | 10 | 5 y | NA | 100 (10/10) | 40 (4/10) | 0 (0/10) | 4–6 w | 100% further DIU + CISC |
| Barry 1989 (198) | 12 | Ua | (1.5–85 m) | 100 (12/12) | 58.3 (7/12) | 25 (3/12) | 12–24 w | 100% CISC + U Dilation |
| Leonard 1990 (209) | 7 | (20–75 y) | 31 m (13–51 m) | 57 (4/7) | 14 (1/7) | 14 (1/7) | 4 m | Cut to the light |
| Kernohan 1990 (210) | 7 | 25.8 y (7–54 y) | 51.9 m (25–180 m) | 100 (7/7) | Ua | 29 (2/7) | Ua | Cut to the light |
| Husmann 1990 (143) | 17 | Ua | 3 y (6 m–4 y) | 53 (9/17) | Ua | Ua | Ua | DIU |
| Yasuda 1991 (180) | 17 | 41.1 y (20–70 y) | 3.7 y (1–8 y) | 100 (17/17) | 55 (6/11) | 18 (3/17) | 5–7 m | 41% ED post injury |
| 17 OPD dilation 6m | ||||||||
| Wu 1992 (211) | 15 | (10–61 y) | 33.5 m (1.5–5.5 y) | 27 (4/15) | 7 (1/15) | Ua | 3–7 m | – |
| Jenkins 1992 (212) | 33 | 28 y (16–81 y) | 8 y (1–22 y) | 33 (11/33) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Short PFUDD DIU |
| Follis 1992 (8) | 24 (20 FU) | 28 y (4–65 y) | 42 m (1–360 m) | 35 (7/20) | 20 (4/20) | 10 (2/20) | 4–6 w | 4 failed initial attempts |
| Spirnak 1993 (213) | 5 | 32 y (7–74 y) | 31 m | 100 (5/5) | 0 (0/4) | Ua | 5–10 m | 100% CISC and 100% DIU |
| 20% ED post injury | ||||||||
| Quint 1993 (196) | 10 | 40 y (7–78 y) | 43 m (7–108 m) | 100 (10/10) | 0 (0/5) | 10 (1/10) | 4 m | Ante and retro fluoroscopic guided DIU and TUR |
| 100% balloon dilation and sounds | ||||||||
| Wu 1994 (214) | 10 | Ua | 24.4 m | 60 (6/10) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Perforation with sound, dilation and TUR |
| White 1994 (215) | 4 | 21.8 y (18–26 y) | 10.5 m (5–17 m) | 100 (4/4) | 25 (1/4) | 0 (0/4) | 4–8 w | Retro DIU and dilation |
| All CISC 3 DIU | ||||||||
| Koraitim 1995 (27) | 12 | (3–58 y) | Ua | 42 (5/12) | Ua | Ua | 3 m | – |
| El-Abd 1996 (20) | 352 | – | 24 m | 96 (338/352) | 37.5 (132/352) | 1 (4/352) | – | DIU |
| Al-Ali 1997 (22) | 154 | 36 y (18–54 y) | 31.5 m (3–60 m) | 65 (100/154) | Ua | 0.6 (1/154) | 12 w | Core through DIU |
| Goel 1997 (197) | 13 | (25–45 y) | 17.7 m (11–24 m) | 100 (13/13) | Ua | 0 (0/13) | 2–5 w | Core-through DIU, 100% DIU + CISC |
| Naude 1998 (199) | 16 (15 FU) | Ua | (2 y) | 60 (9/15) | Ua | Ua | 7 m | Established PFUDD |
| Naude 1998 (199) | 10 (8 FU) | Ua | (3 y) | 25 (2/8) | Ua | Ua | 5 w | Recent PFUDD |
| Sahin 1998 (216) | 5 | 32 y (18–32 y) | 31 m (21–53 m) | 100 (5/5) | 0 (0/4) | 20 (1/5) | 3–8 m | Core-through DIU |
| 100% CISC | ||||||||
| 4 DIU | ||||||||
| 20% ED posy injury | ||||||||
| Dogra 1999 (217) | 8 | 27.5 y (18–44 y) | 10.25 m (7–14 m) | 12.5 (1/8) | 0 (0/8) | 0 (0/8) | 4–6 w post op | <2 cm PFUDD |
| No ED | ||||||||
| Levine 2001 (218) | 6 | 48 y (17–78 y) | 7 y (7–14 y) | 100 (6/6) | Ua | Ua | 7–8 m | Cut to the light |
| Minimum 3 DIU each of | ||||||||
| Dogra 2002 (21) | 65 | (5–62 y) | 30 m | 100 (65/65) | Ua | 3 (2/65) | Ua | NdYAG core through |
| 100% CISC | ||||||||
| Ravichandran 2003 (219) | 25 | Ua | 24 m | 100 (25/25) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 9 failed initial attempts |
| 15 CISC | ||||||||
| 2 urosepsis | ||||||||
| Islam 2010 (192) | 45 | (20–60 y) | (3–12 m) | 31.4 (14/45) | Ua | Ua | Ua | All did CISC for 1–3 m |
Ua, un-assessed; ED, erectile dysfunction; CISC, clean intermittent self catheterisation; DIU, direct internal urethrotomy; PFUDD, pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (old terminology for PFUI).