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. 2018 Mar;7(Suppl 1):S29–S62. doi: 10.21037/tau.2017.12.35

Table 6. Outcome of delayed endoscopic treatment.

Author Number Age, mean (range) Follow up, mean (range) Stricture, % (N) Erectile dysfunction, % (N) Incontinence, % (N) Catheter time Comments
Lieberman 1982 (138) 4 31.5 y (20–53 y) 4.1 m (2–9 m) 100 (4/4) Ua 25 (1/4) 1–3 w 100% dilation
Gonzalez 1983 (202) 3 49 y (21–74 y) 17.6 m (11–28 m) 100 (3/3) 0 (0/2) 0 (0/2) Ua Mean 3 DIU each
Chiou 1985 (165) 1 45 Ua 100 (1/1) 0 (0/1) 0 (0/1) 3 w DIU
Gupta 1986 (203) 10 (20–58 y) 16.2 m (6–24 m) 100 (10/10) 0 (0/10) 40 (4/10) 4–8 m All >2 DIU
McCoy 1987 (204) 12 20–64 y 22 m (6–35 m) 100 (11/11) 0 (0/5) 25 (3/12) 3–7 m 6 DIU 12 U Dilation
58% (7/12) ED post injury
Fishman 1987 (195) 1 Ua Ua 100 (1/1) Ua Ua Ua Goodwin sound guided DIU
Marshall 1987 (205) 5 29.8 y (13–48 y) Ua 100 (5/5) 50 (2/4) 0 (0/5) 6–7 m All CISC and or DIU
Peterson 1987 (206) 5 31.4 y (24–45 y) 28.8 m (18–42 m) 100 (5/5) Ua Ua Ua Forceful perforation with sound
All CISC, 3DIU
Chiou 1988a (164) 9 (8 FU) 38 y (21–74 y) 3.6 m (1–6.6 m) 100 (8/8) 0 (0/4) 14 (1/7) 3–4 w Thin trocar puncture
All 2–3 DIU
Chiou 1988b (166) 3 53 y (39–68 y) 21.5 m (12–31 m) 67 (2/3) 33 (1/3) 0 (0/3) 3 w Endourethroplasty
FTSG prepuce
Lim 1989 (207) 20 36 y (20–75 y) 4 y (4–12 y) 100 (20/20) 5 (1/20) 10 (2/20) Ua 100% dilation, mean of 5 each
Marshall 1989 (208) 10 5 y NA 100 (10/10) 40 (4/10) 0 (0/10) 4–6 w 100% further DIU + CISC
Barry 1989 (198) 12 Ua (1.5–85 m) 100 (12/12) 58.3 (7/12) 25 (3/12) 12–24 w 100% CISC + U Dilation
Leonard 1990 (209) 7 (20–75 y) 31 m (13–51 m) 57 (4/7) 14 (1/7) 14 (1/7) 4 m Cut to the light
Kernohan 1990 (210) 7 25.8 y (7–54 y) 51.9 m (25–180 m) 100 (7/7) Ua 29 (2/7) Ua Cut to the light
Husmann 1990 (143) 17 Ua 3 y (6 m–4 y) 53 (9/17) Ua Ua Ua DIU
Yasuda 1991 (180) 17 41.1 y (20–70 y) 3.7 y (1–8 y) 100 (17/17) 55 (6/11) 18 (3/17) 5–7 m 41% ED post injury
17 OPD dilation 6m
Wu 1992 (211) 15 (10–61 y) 33.5 m (1.5–5.5 y) 27 (4/15) 7 (1/15) Ua 3–7 m
Jenkins 1992 (212) 33 28 y (16–81 y) 8 y (1–22 y) 33 (11/33) Ua Ua Ua Short PFUDD DIU
Follis 1992 (8) 24 (20 FU) 28 y (4–65 y) 42 m (1–360 m) 35 (7/20) 20 (4/20) 10 (2/20) 4–6 w 4 failed initial attempts
Spirnak 1993 (213) 5 32 y (7–74 y) 31 m 100 (5/5) 0 (0/4) Ua 5–10 m 100% CISC and 100% DIU
20% ED post injury
Quint 1993 (196) 10 40 y (7–78 y) 43 m (7–108 m) 100 (10/10) 0 (0/5) 10 (1/10) 4 m Ante and retro fluoroscopic guided DIU and TUR
100% balloon dilation and sounds
Wu 1994 (214) 10 Ua 24.4 m 60 (6/10) Ua Ua Ua Perforation with sound, dilation and TUR
White 1994 (215) 4 21.8 y (18–26 y) 10.5 m (5–17 m) 100 (4/4) 25 (1/4) 0 (0/4) 4–8 w Retro DIU and dilation
All CISC 3 DIU
Koraitim 1995 (27) 12 (3–58 y) Ua 42 (5/12) Ua Ua 3 m
El-Abd 1996 (20) 352 24 m 96 (338/352) 37.5 (132/352) 1 (4/352) DIU
Al-Ali 1997 (22) 154 36 y (18–54 y) 31.5 m (3–60 m) 65 (100/154) Ua 0.6 (1/154) 12 w Core through DIU
Goel 1997 (197) 13 (25–45 y) 17.7 m (11–24 m) 100 (13/13) Ua 0 (0/13) 2–5 w Core-through DIU, 100% DIU + CISC
Naude 1998 (199) 16 (15 FU) Ua (2 y) 60 (9/15) Ua Ua 7 m Established PFUDD
Naude 1998 (199) 10 (8 FU) Ua (3 y) 25 (2/8) Ua Ua 5 w Recent PFUDD
Sahin 1998 (216) 5 32 y (18–32 y) 31 m (21–53 m) 100 (5/5) 0 (0/4) 20 (1/5) 3–8 m Core-through DIU
100% CISC
4 DIU
20% ED posy injury
Dogra 1999 (217) 8 27.5 y (18–44 y) 10.25 m (7–14 m) 12.5 (1/8) 0 (0/8) 0 (0/8) 4–6 w post op <2 cm PFUDD
No ED
Levine 2001 (218) 6 48 y (17–78 y) 7 y (7–14 y) 100 (6/6) Ua Ua 7–8 m Cut to the light
Minimum 3 DIU each of
Dogra 2002 (21) 65 (5–62 y) 30 m 100 (65/65) Ua 3 (2/65) Ua NdYAG core through
100% CISC
Ravichandran 2003 (219) 25 Ua 24 m 100 (25/25) Ua Ua Ua 9 failed initial attempts
15 CISC
2 urosepsis
Islam 2010 (192) 45 (20–60 y) (3–12 m) 31.4 (14/45) Ua Ua Ua All did CISC for 1–3 m

Ua, un-assessed; ED, erectile dysfunction; CISC, clean intermittent self catheterisation; DIU, direct internal urethrotomy; PFUDD, pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (old terminology for PFUI).