Table 7. Outcomes of suprapubic catheter insertion ± delayed urethroplasty.
| Author | Number | Age, mean (range) | Follow up, mean (range) | Stricture, % (N) | Erectile dysfunction, % (N) | Incontinence, % (N) | Catheter time | Other complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johanson 1953 (23) | 120 | Ua | Ua | 100 (120/120) | 3.3 (4/120) | 0 (0/120) | Ua | SPC alone |
| Netto 1973 (254) | 15 | Ua | (2–42 m) | 33 (5/15) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Pullthrough |
| Allen 1975 (233) | 3 | 28 y (21–33 y) | Ua | 0 (0/3) | 0 (0/2) | 33 (1/3) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| 33% (1/3) ED post injury | ||||||||
| Chatelain 1975 (121) | 39 | (adult) | (<1–16 y) | 50 (19/38) | 27 (7/26) | 0 (0/38) | Ua | Perineal BPA |
| Chatelain 1975 (234) | 7 | 26 y (19–40 y) | (4–16 m) | 14 (1/7) | 20 (1/5) | 14 (1/7) | 25–50 d | Transpubic BPA |
| Waterhouse 1976 (235) | 7 | 8.7 y (5–13 y) | Ua | 17 (1/6) | Ua | 0 (0/6) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Children | ||||||||
| De La Pena Zayas 1979 (236) | 7 | 29 y (21–59 y) | 24 m | 0 (0/7) | 0 (0/5) | 14 (1/7) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Coffield 1977 (61) | 11 | Ua | Ua | 0 (0/11) | 0 (0/11) | 0 (0/11) | Ua | Scrotal inlay urethroplasty |
| Morehouse, Mackinnon 1980 (25) | 41 | Ua | Ua | 0 (0/41) | 10 (4/40) | 3 (1/40) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| 2 patients with ED >75 y | ||||||||
| Harshman 1981 (255) | 7 | 10 y (4–20 y) | 29.8 m (3–68 m) | 14 (1/7) | 14 (1/7) | 57 (4/7) | Ua | 2AP BPA, 2 BPA, 3 Skin Inlay |
| McAninch 1981 (64) | 21 (14 FU) | 33 y (14–76 y) | Ua | 7 (1/14) | 14(2/14) | 0 (0/14) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Webster 1983 (80) | 11 | Ua | (6 m–17 y) | 0 (0/11) | 36 (4/11) | 14 (1/7) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Hayden 1984 (256) | 7 | 9.3 y (7–14 y) | 64 m (42–84 m) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 2–3 w post op | – |
| Netto 1985 (257) | 66 (10 children; 56 adults) | (5–64 y) | 9 y* (1–11 y) | 20 (2/10) child; 34 (19/56) adult | 0 (0/24) | 0 (0/28) | Ua | Pull through |
| Netto 1985 (257) | 28 (9 children; 19 adults) | (5–40 y) | 6 y* (1–9 y) | 11 (1/9) child; 31 (6/19) adult | 0 (0/22) | 2 (1/28) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Koraitim 1985 (258) | 76 | (3–54 y) | (6 m–25 y) | 9 (5/54) BPA; 19 (4/21) AP BPA | 69 (22/32) | Ua | Ua | – |
| Patil 1986 (259) | 30 (5 FU) | 9.4 y (7–10 y) | 9.2 y (6–11 y) | 0 (0/5) | 0 (0/5) | 0 (0/5) | 4–6 m | Transpubic BPA. Children |
| Zvara 1986 (260) | 10 | 22.6 y (9–36 y) | (29–54 m) | 10 (1/10) | 25 (1/4) | 10 (1/10) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Gait disturbance (1/10) | ||||||||
| Chiou 1988 (164) | 6 | 18 y (11–24 y) | – | 67 (4/6) | 0 (0/5) | 50 (3/6) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Morehouse 1988a (104) | 36 | Ua | Ua | 14 (5/36) | 11 (4/36) | 0 (0/36) | Ua | Perineal and Transpubic BPA |
| Morehouse 1988b (113) | 92 | Ua | Ua | 0 (0/92) | 10 (9/92) | 2 (2/92) | Ua | 2 stage |
| Redman 1988 (237) | 16 | 29 y (17–62 y) | Ua | 6.25 (1/16) | 25 (2/8) | 0 (0/8) | 7 m | Perineal and Transpubic BPA |
| Singh 1988 (223) | 45 | Ua | Ua | 100 (45/45) | 44.4 (20/45) | Ua | Ua | 36 req urethroplasty |
| 6 –BPA | ||||||||
| 30 –transpubic | ||||||||
| Dhabuwala 1990 (225) | 26 | 34 y (7–62 y) | ≥18 m | Ua | 56 (15/26) | Ua | Ua | Transperineal BPA |
| Webster 1990 (26) | 20 | Ua | Ua | 5 (1/20) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 14 BPA, 1 PIPS, 5 staged skin inlaies |
| Husmann 1990 (143) | 64 | Ua | Ua | 95 (61/64) | 52 (33/64) | 12.5 (8/64) | Ua | SPC alone (eventually underwent BPA) |
| Webster 1991 (249) | 74 | Ua | (2–10 y) | 10.8 (8/74) | 0 | 0 | Ua | 1.4% gained potency |
| BPA | ||||||||
| Al Rifae 1991 (250) | 20 | (2–15 y) | (1–7 y) | 10 (2/20) | Ua | 25 (4/20) all associated BN injury | Ua | 16 Transpubic BPA 4 Perineal BPA |
| Jenkins 1992 (212) | 73 | Ua | Ua | 20 (15/72) | 38.9 (28/72) | Ua | Ua | Skin inlay urethroplasty |
| Follis 1992 (8) | 13 | 31 y (18–64 y) | 37 m (1–147 m) | 100 (13/13) | 46 (6/13) | Ua | Ua | Stricture rate SPC alone |
| Boone 1992 (92) | 7 | (4–16 y) | 14 (1/7) | 14 (1/7) | 0 (0/7) | – | – | |
| Flah 1992 (251) | 4 | 5.75 y (3–9 y) | (3–22 m) | 0 (0/4) | 0 (0/4) | 0 (0/4) | Ua | Posterior sagittal approach |
| Baskin 1993 (261) | 7 | 10 y (4–16 y) | 2.2 y (0.8–5 y) | 14 (1/7) | 0 (0/6) | 0 (0/7) | Ua | A BPA |
| Perineal BPA | ||||||||
| Corriere 1994 (252) | 50 | 34 y (15–61 y) | ≥12 m | 36 (18/50) | 32 (16/50) | 14 (7/50) | 10 (5/50) CISC due to areflexic bladder | Transpubic and perineal BPA |
| 8 recovered potency post BPA | ||||||||
| 48% ED post injury | ||||||||
| Koraitim 1995 (27) | 80 | (3–58 y) | Ua | 5 (4/80) | 17.5 (14/80)* combined evaluation of perineal and Transpubic approach | Ua | 7 m | Perineal BPA |
| 40% (32/80) ED post injury | ||||||||
| Koraitim 1995 (27) | 32 | (3–58 y) | Ua | 3 (1/32) | See above | Ua | 7 m | Transpubic BPA |
| 40% (32/80) ED post injury | ||||||||
| Koraitim 1995 (27) | 23 | (3–58 y) | Ua | 57 (13/23) | Ua | Ua | 7 m | Scrotal inlay |
| 40% (32/80) ED post injury | ||||||||
| Mark 1995 (238) | 113 (92 FU) | Ua | 12 m | 15 (12/92) | 6 (6/92) | 2 (2/92) | Ua | 6% regained potency post op perineal BPA |
| ED post PFUDD 68% (62/92) | ||||||||
| Mundy 1996 (228) | 82 | Ua | 10 y | 12 (10/82) | 7 (6/82) | 0 (0/82) | Ua | BPA |
| Koraitim 1996 (131) | 73 | (3–62 y) | (4–15 y) | 97 (71/73) | 18 (9/50) | 2/7 (2/73) | Ua | SPC alone |
| Ennemoser 1997 (262) | 42 | 46.4 y | 42 m | 0 (0/42) | 4.7 (2/42) | 0 (0/42) | Ua | – |
| Koraitim 1997 (239) | 42 | 3–15 y | Ua | 7 (3/42) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
| Koraitim 1997 (239) | 24 | 3–15 y | Ua | 9 (2/24) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Koraitim 1997 (239) | 13 | 3–15 y | Ua | 54 (6/13) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 2 stage scrotal |
| Martinez-Pineiro 1997 (240) | 150 (57 FU) | 35.7 y (5–73 y) | 44.4 m (3–168 m) | 5.6 (3/54) | 19 (28/150) | 1.3 (2/150) | Ua | 12 A BPA |
| Rest perineal BPA | ||||||||
| Morey 1997 (263) | 82 | Ua | 12 m | 15 (12/82) | 0 (0/82) | 5 (2/82) | Ua | BPA/transpubic (30) 16% regained potency postop |
| Podesta 1997 (4) | 19 | Ua | (3–17) | 15 (3/19) | 8.5 (1/12) | 16 (3/19) | Ua | BPA |
| Podesta 1998 (241) | 15 | 9.2 y* (5.8–15 y) | 6 y* (2.6–14 y) | 27 (4/15) | Ua | 6.7 (1/15) | 6 m | Perineal BPA |
| Podesta 1998 (241) | 15 | 8.2 y* (3.8–15.4 y) | 10 y* (2–15 y) | 0 (0/15) | Ua | 20 (3/15) | 6–12 m | AP BPA |
| Asci 1999 (144) | 18 | Ua | 37 m | 83.3 (15/18) | 17.6 (3/18) | 5.6 (1/18) | Ua | SPC alone |
| 44.4% req BPA | ||||||||
| Khan 2000 (160) | 10 | 28 y (3–81 y) | 6.5 y (9 m–46 y) | 40 (4/10) | 0 (0/2) | 20 (2/10) | Ua | AP BPA |
| Tunc 2000 (242) | 77 | 24.2 y (7–62 y) | 47 m (15 m–14 y) | 5.2 (4/77) | 16.2 (7/43) | 9.1 (7/77) | 12 m | BPA |
| 1 regained potency pot BPA | ||||||||
| Corriere 2001 (99) | 60 | 35 y (15–61 y) | 12 m | 38.3 (23/60) | 35 (21/60) | 20 (12/60) | 3–4 w + 6–26 w preop | 15% regained potency post op |
| Levine 2001 (218) | 9 | 37 y (19–72 y) | (3–6 y) | 22.2 (2/9) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
| Basiri 2002 (243) | 10 | 6 (4–13 y) | 2.5 y (0.5–4 y) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/10) | 0 (0/10) | Ua | Transpubic BPA |
| Flynn 2003 (244) | 120 (11 boys) | 32 y (6–82 y) | 64 m (9–128 m) | 7.5 (9/120) | Ua | Ua | 3.4 w | All strictures in 1st yr post–op |
| Ku 2002 (264) | 20 | Ua | Ua | 65 (13/20) | 15 (3/20) | 5 (1/20) | Ua | – |
| Andrich 2003 (28) | 100 | 3.6y | Ua | 5 (5/100) | 0 (0/100) | 0 (0/100) | Ua | 42% ED after PFUDD BPA |
| Ravichandran 2003 (219) | 25 | Ua | 24 m | 24 (6/25) | Ua | Ua | Ua | – |
| Koraitim 2005 (246) | 155 | 3–58 y (21 y) | 13 y (1–22 y) | 9.6 (11/115) perineal BPA 2 (1/40) Perineo-abdominal | 15.4 (17/110) | 1.3 (2/110) | 2–3 w post-op | 115 perineal BPA |
| 40 perineo-abdominal | ||||||||
| Mouraviev 2005 (142) | 39 | Ua | 8.8 y (1–22 y) | 100 (39/39) | 42 (16/39) | 25 (10/39) | 3 m | Stricture rate for SPC alone |
| 18 eventually had BPA—no outcomes given | ||||||||
| Onen 2005 (133) | 16 | (4–17 y) | Ua | 25 (4/16) | 18.8 (3/16) | 18.8 (3/16) | Ua | Transpubic and perineal BPA |
| Culty 2007 (247) | 23 | Ua | (>10 y) | 53 (12/23) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
| Hadjizacharia 2008 (185) | 7 | 29 y (±14 y) | 7 m (±6 m) | 100 (7/7) | Ua | Ua | 6 m (±3 m) |
SPC alone |
| All req BPA eventually | ||||||||
| Lumen 2009 (265) | 61 | 34 y (14–68 y) | 67 m (19–173 m) | 14.8 (9/61) | 32.8 (20/61) | 1.6 (1/61) | <3 m | Inf Pubectomy in 4 |
| 21 had prev intervention | ||||||||
| Koraitim 2010 (248) | 64 | (5–40 y) | (1–24 y) | 1.6 (1/64) | 3.1 (2/64) | Ua | Ua | Partial transpubic BPA with wedge pubectomy |
| Singh 2010 (174) | 58 | 27 y (6–65 y) | 31.5m (6–146 m) | 25.9 (15/58) | Ua | Ua | Ua | If previous intervention failure rate 50% |
| Onofre 2011 (266) | 11 | 11 y (1.5–23 y) | 41 m (10 m–10 y 9 m) | 18.2 (2/11) | Ua | Ua | Ua | 1 inf pubectomy 10 BPA |
| Sunay 2011 (267) | 75 | 12.3 y (6–17 y) | 43.2 m (12–94 m) | 30.7 (23/75) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA 54 pts |
| Pull through 20pts | ||||||||
| Graft 1pt | ||||||||
| Voelzke 2012 (268) | 18 | 15 y | 2.9 y | 10.5 (2/18) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
| Fu 2013 (253) | 573 | 36 y (7–71 y) | 36 m (18–47 m) | 12 (69/573) | <0.1 (5/573) | 9.1 (52/573) | Ua | 537 had previous interventions |
| Qu Y 2014 (134) | 142 boys | Ua | 58 m (6–192 m) | 11.9 (17/142) | 21.8 (31/142) | 17.7 (25/142) | 6 m | – |
| Fu 2015 (170) | 186 | 35.3 y (4–79 y) | >12 m | 19.4 (36/186) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
| Koraitim 2015 (86) | 86 | 23 y (5–50 y) | 5.5 y (2–8 y) | 12 (10/86) | Ua | Ua | Ua | Previous interventions in 44% |
| All presented with SPC in situ | ||||||||
| Podesta 2015 (269) | 49 boys | 9.6 y (3.5–17.5 y) | 6.5 y (5–22 y) | 10.2 (5/49) | 20 (9/49) | 6.1 (3/49) | Ua | ED present before urethroplasty |
| 4 cases UI resolved at puberty | ||||||||
| Tausch 2015 (173) | 23 | Ua | 35 m (5–64 m) | 7 (2/23) | Ua | Ua | Ua | BPA |
Ua, un-assessed; BPA, bulbo-prostatic anastomotic; ED, erectile dysfunction; SPC, suprapubic catheter.