Table 3. Adverse effects of testosterone (5,7,9,36,47).
Increasing hematocrit |
Venous thromboembolism (controversial) |
Increasing levels of PSA and worsening lower urinary tract symptoms |
Testicular atrophy and infertility |
Adverse hepatic side effects (only for oral preparations) |
Exacerbation of sleep apnea |
Edema |
Gynecomastia |
Skin reactions (for transdermal preparations) |
PSA, prostate specific antigen.