Table 3.
Intra‐ and postoperative outcomes and pathological findings for matched sample of patients undergoing SPPs and APR
| Variables | SPPs (n=199) | APR (n=199) | Relative risk (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operation time, median (IQR), m | 340 (110‐798) | 355 (141‐805) | ‐ | 0.45 |
| Intraoperative blood loss, median (IQR), mL | 335 (10‐7040) | 444 (10‐13500) | ‐ | 0.02 |
| Autonomic nerve preservation, n (%) | 184 (93) | 176 (90) | 1.03 (0.98‐1.10) | 0.27 |
| Intraoperative adverse event, n (%)a | 4 (2) | 3 (2) | 1.33 (0.30‐5.88) | >0.99 |
| Morbidity, n (%), Grade II ≤b | 76 (38) | 77 (39) | 0.98 (0.77‐1.27) | >0.99 |
| Anastomotic leakage | 24 (12) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Pelvic abscess | 8 (4) | 18 (9) | 0.44 (0.20‐1.00) | 0.07 |
| Wound infection | 7 (7) | 30 (15) | 0.23 (0.10‐0.52) | <0.001 |
| Urinary retention | 15 (8) | 11 (6) | 1.36 (0.64‐2.89) | 0.54 |
| Ileus | 18 (9) | 17 (9) | 1.06 (0.56‐1.99) | >0.99 |
| Others | 22 (11) | 17 (9) | 1.29 (0.71‐2.36) | 0.50 |
| Morbidity, n (%), Grade III ≤ | 35 (18) | 37 (19) | 0.95 (0.62‐1.44) | 0.90 |
| Reoperation | 7 (4) | 4 (2) | 1.75 (0.52‐5.88) | 0.54 |
| Mortality | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | 29 (15) | 48 (24) | 0.60 (0.39‐0.92) | 0.02 |
| Time to oral intake, median (IQR), day | 4 (3‐6) | 3 (3‐4) | ‐ | 0.04 |
| Hospital stay, median (IQR), day | 19 (13‐29) | 22 (16‐32) | ‐ | 0.004 |
| Distal margin involvement, n (%) | 1 (1) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Radial margin involvement, n (%) | 7 (4) | 12 (6) | 0.58 (0.23‐1.45) | 0.35 |
| Pathological T stage, n (%) | ||||
| T0/Tis/T1/T2 | 54 (27) | 45 (23) | ‐ | 0.14 |
| T3 | 135 (68) | 138 (69) | ||
| T4a | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | ||
| T4b | 8 (4) | 16 (8) | ||
| Pathological N stage, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 117 (59) | 111 (56) | ‐ | 0.61 |
| Positive | 82 (41) | 88 (44) | ||
| Pathological LLN involvement, n (%)c | 15/108 (14) | 23/105 (22) | ‐ | 0.15 |
| Visible residual tumor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 76 (39) | 74 (37) | 1.04 (0.81‐1.34) | 0.84 |
| First recurrence sites, n (%)d | ||||
| Local | 20 (10) | 23 (12) | 0.87 (0.49‐1.53) | 0.75 |
| Liver | 10 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.83 (0.37‐1.88) | 0.83 |
| Lung | 17 (9) | 28 (14) | 0.61 (0.34‐1.07) | 0.11 |
| Peritoneum | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1.00 (0.06‐15.9) | >0.99 |
| Distant lymph node | 4 (2) | 7 (4) | 0.57 (0.17‐1.92) | 0.54 |
| Otherse | 2 (1) | 5 (3) | 0.40 (0.08‐2.04) | 0.45 |
a
National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.
b
Clavien‐Dindo Classification system.
c
Only among the patients who underwent LLN dissection.
d
Multiple sites were allowed.
e
SPPs (1 bone, 1 unknown); APR (2 bone, 2 adrenal gland,1 brain).
APR, abdominoperineal resection; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; LLN, lateral pelvic lymph node; SPPs, sphincter‐preserving procedure.