Table 4.

Characteristics of case reports of patients diagnosed with diabetes after receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.

Study	Age	Sex	Cancer	Presentation	Time Frame	HbA1c (%)	Autoantibodies	Prior or concurrent chemotherapeutics	Management
									Systemic steroid	Resumed anti-PD-1
Nivolumab
(19)	55	F	Melanoma	DKA	5 months	6.9	None	Ipilimumab	NR	NR
	83	F	NSCLC	DKA	<1 month	7.7	GAD65	None	NR	NR
	63	M	RCC	Hyperglycemia	4 months	8.2	GAD65, IA-2, IAA	Aldesleukin, bevacizumab, interferon	NR	NR
	58	M	SCLC	DKA‡	1 week	9.7	GAD65	Carboplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel	NR	NR
(29)	70	M	NSCLC	Hyperglycemia	15 weeks	9.8	None	NR	NR	NR
	66	F	SCC Jaw	DKA	7 weeks	9.4	GAD65	NR	NR	NR
(30)	72	M	Hodgkin lymphoma	Hyperglycemia	57 days	7.3	None	ABVD, brentuximab	NR	Yes
(31)	66	F	Melanoma	DKA	4 months	7.3	None	None	NR	Yes
(32)	70	F	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	6 weeks	NR	None	None	NR	Yes
	40	M	Melanoma	NR	6 weeks	NR	NR	Dacarbazine, polychemotherapy, ipilimumab	NR	Yes
	78	F	Melanoma	DKA‡	3 weeks	NR	GAD65	Dacarbazine; ipilimumab	NR	NR
(33)	55	F	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	1 year	7	None	Ipilimumab, dacarbazine, nimustine, cisplatin, tamoxifen	NR	Yes
(34)	73	M	Melanoma	DKA	6 weeks	8.8	GAD65, ZnT8A, IA-2	Interferon, vemurafenib, cobimetinib	NR	Yes
(35)l	63	F	Melanoma	DKA	30 weeks	8.9	None	Dacarbazine	NR	No
(36)	54	F	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	10 months	7	None	Cisplatin, dacarbazine, nimustine and tamoxifen	NR	Yes
(37)	34	F	NSCLC	DKA	4 weeks	7.1	GAD65, IA-2, IAA	Carboplatin, pemetrexed	NR	No
(38)	68	F	RCC	Hyperglycemia	98 days	6.9	None	Interferon, sunitinib, axitinib	NR	Yes
(39)	NR	NR	NSCLC	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
(40)	63	M	NSCLC	DKA	27 days	7.2	GAD65	Carboplatin, paclitaxel, cisplatin	NR	No
(41)	83	M	SCC maxillary sinus	DKA	3 months	7.4	GAD65	None	Yes*	No
(42)	31	M	NSCLC	DKA	13 days	6.4	GAD65	NR	NR	Yes
	62	F	NSCLC	Hyperglycemia	10 weeks	6.5	None	NR	NR	Yes
(43)	54	M	Melanoma	DKA	4 months	NR	GAD65	Ipilimumab	Yes*	No
(44)	55	M	Pleomorphic carcinoma	DKA	10 days after cycle 9	8.2	None	Cisplatin, docetaxel, pemetrexed	NR	No
(45)	42	M	Melanoma	DKA	3 months	6.5	None	Ipilimumab	Yes*	NR
(46)	74	F	NSCLC	DKA	25 days	8.7	GAD65	Pemetrexed	NR	NR
(47)	66	M	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	19 days	NR	GAD65, IA-2	Ipilimumab	Yes*	No
(48)	73	M	NSCLC	Hyperglycemia	25 weeks	9.4	None	NR	NR	No
(49)	40	M	Hodgkin lymphoma	NR	NR	NR	GAD65	COPP, brentuximab, gemcitabine, ICE	NR	NR
This case	70	M	RCC	DKA	6 weeks	8.4	None	None	No	No
Pembrolizumab
(19)	64	F	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	<1 month	7.4	None	None	NR	NR
(50)	54	F	Melanoma	DKA	After cycle 3	NR	GAD65	Ipilimumab	NR	Yes
(51)	44	F	Melanoma	DKA	2 weeks after cycle 2	6.85	None	NR	NR	Yes
(52)	55	M	Melanoma	DKA	Cycle 9	10.7	None	Dacarbazine, ipilimumab	NR	No
(53)	58	M	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	1 year	9.7	GAD65	Interferon, vemurafenib, IL-2, ipilimumab	No	No
(32)	58	F	Melanoma	Hyperglycemia	3 weeks	NR	GAD65	Ipilimumab	NR	Yes
(21)	76	M	NSCLC	Hyperglycemia	4 weeks	5.8	GAD65, IA-2	Carboplatin, paclitaxel	Yes†	Yes
(20)	60	M	Melanoma	DKA	5 weeks	7.1	None	Ipilimumab	Yes†	No
(54)	58	M	Melanoma	DKA	3 months	7.4	None	BRAF/MEK inhibitor	NR	NR
(55)	66	M	NSCLC	DKA	6 weeks	7.6	GAD65	NR	NR	Yes
56)	67	F	Cholangiocarcinoma	NR	NR	NR	GAD65	Leucovorin, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin	NR	NR
(57)	58	M	Melanoma	DKA	62 days	6.8	None	Ipilimumab	NR	NR

*Systemic steroids were used for reasons other than autoimmune diabetes (colitis and adrenal insufficiency); ^†systemic steroids were specifically used for autoimmune diabetes. However, there was no significant improvement or resolution of diabetes; ^‡had diagnosis of DM prior of starting nivolumab.

ABVD, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine; COPP, cyclophosphamide/vincristin/prednisone/procarbazine; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; GAD65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; IAA, insulin autoantibodies; IA-2, tyrosine phosphatase-related islet antigen 2; ICE, ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide; NR, not reported; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; ZnT8A, zinc transporter 8 autoantibody.