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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cell Biol. 2015 Nov 23;26(3):190–201. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.013

Figure 1. Canonical mechanism of activation of AMPK by adenine nucleotides, and the Ca2+-dependent mechanism mediated by CaMKKβ.

Figure 1

AMP binding activates AMPK by three effects, i.e. promotion of Thr172 phosphorylation by LKB1 (effect #1), inhibition of Thr172 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases (PP) (effect #2), and allosteric activation (effect #3). All three effects are opposed by binding of ATP, while binding of ADP mimics effect #2 and #1, but not #3. CaMKKβ phosphorylates the same site as LKB1 (Thr172) in response to increases in cellular Ca2+.