Table 4.
Baseline Predictors of Living to Age 80 Years with No Disease and No Mobility Disability by Veteran Status
| Veterans | Non-Veterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) Veterans | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | N (%) Non-Veterans | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | |
| Age b | ||||||
| Older than 68 years | 1,697 (74.5) | 1.48 (1.20–1.83) | 1.40 (1.12–1.76) | 31,916 (48.5) | 1.39 (1.35–1.44) | 1.39 (1.34–1.44) |
| 68 Years or younger | 582 (25.5) | Ref | Ref | 33,958 (51.6) | Ref | Ref |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Not White | 175 (7.7) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 8,396 (12.8) | 0.71 (0.67–0.74) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) |
| White | 2,093 (92.3) | Ref | Ref | 57,296 (87.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Education | ||||||
| <College graduate | 1,170 (51.6) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16)* | 1.10 (0.91–1.32)* | 40,957 (62.5) | 0.78 (0.76–0.81)* | 0.91 (0.87–0.94)* |
| College graduate | 1,099 (48.4) | Ref | Ref | 24,566 (37.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Family income | ||||||
| <$50,000 | 1,553 (72.2) | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 43,204 (70.6) | 0.75 (0.72–0.78) | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) |
| $50,000 or more | 597 (27.8) | Ref | Ref | 17,995 (29.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Widowed, divorced/ | 1,227 (54.0) | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 27,450 (41.8) | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) |
| separated, never married | ||||||
| Married/living as married | 1,046 (46.0) | Ref | Ref | 38,221 (58.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Hormone therapy use | ||||||
| Yes | 983 (43.7) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 1.15 (0.95–1.38) | 29,534 (45.1) | 1.15 (1.11–1.19) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
| No | 1,265 (56.3) | Ref | Ref | 35,908 (54.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Smoking behavior | ||||||
| Current smoker | 135 (6.1) | 0.35 (0.22–0.57) | 0.31 (0.19–0.52) | 3,406 (5.3) | 0.49 (0.45–0.54) | 0.50 (0.46–0.55) |
| Past smoker | 1,073 (48.1) | 0.85 (0.71–1.02) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 27,584 (42.5) | 0.83 (0.80–0.86) | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) |
| Never smoked | 1,023 (45.9) | Ref | Ref | 33,923 (52.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| Non drinker | 603 (26.7) | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) | 0.64 (0.51–0.81) | 19,869 (30.4) | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) |
| Drinker | 1,654 (73.3) | Ref | Ref | 45,503 (69.6) | Ref | Ref |
| Physical activity b | ||||||
| ≤9 MET-hours/week | 1,070 (47.0) | 0.72 (0.60–0.86) | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 33,346 (50.6) | 0.69 (0.67–0.71) | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) |
| >9 MET-hours/week | 1,209 (53.1) | Ref | Ref | 32,528 (49.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Has depression | ||||||
| Yes | 154 (6.9) | 0.57 (0.38–0.84) | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) | 5,568 (8.7) | 0.57 (0.54–0.61) | 0.65 (0.61–0.70) |
| No | 2,080 (93.1) | Ref | Ref | 58,569 (91.3) | Ref | Ref |
| BMI category | ||||||
| Underweight | 29 (1.3) | 0.78 (0.35–1.72) | 0.89 (0.39–2.04) | 633 (1.0) | 0.73 (0.62–0.87) | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) |
| Normal | 826 (36.6) | Ref | Ref | 23,049 (35.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Overweight | 841 (37.3) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 23,631 (36.2) | 0.83 (0.79–0.86) | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) |
| Obese | 560 (24.8) | 0.48 (0.38–0.61) | 0.53 (0.41–0.68) | 17,977 (27.5) | 0.45 (0.43–0.47) | 0.52 (0.49–0.54) |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; MET = metabolic equivalent; OR = odds ratio.
a Adjusted for all other predictors listed.
b Cutoff at median value of full sample.
* p ≤ .05 for effect modification.