Table 3.

Prevalent Sources of Mortality and Cause-specific Mortality Rates by Generation and Veteran Status

Generation and cause of death	Veteran status	Number of deaths	Total person-years	Rate per 1,000 person-years	Age-adjusted rate	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
						HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Pre-Vietnam generation
Cancer	Veteran	254	32,829.81	7.74	6.82	1.13 (1.00–1.29)	1.09 (0.96–1.25)	1.02 (0.84–1.24)
	Non-Veteran	5,501	919,014.53	5.99	5.57	Ref	Ref	Ref
CVD	Veteran	347	32,829.81	10.57	6.89	1.12 (1.00–1.25)	1.13 (1.01–1.27)	1.11 (0.94–1.30)
	Non-Veteran	6,629	919,014.53	7.21	5.84	Ref	Ref	Ref
Trauma	Veteran	34	32,829.81	1.04	0.83	1.45 (1.03–2.06)	1.46 (1.02–2.10)	1.01 (0.54–1.91)
	Non-Veteran	546	919,014.53	0.59	0.50	Ref	Ref	Ref
Vietnam / After Generation
Cancer	Veteran	65	20,595.51	3.16	2.90	1.07 (0.84–1.37)	1.00 (0.78–1.29)	0.98 (0.69–1.38)
	Non-Veteran	3,604	1,217,955.23	2.96	3.41	Ref	Ref	Ref
CVD	Veteran	29	20,595.51	1.41	2.57	0.98 (0.68–1.42)	0.81 (0.54–1.22)	0.82 (0.47–1.46)
	Non-Veteran	1,739	1,217,955.23	1.43	1.84	Ref	Ref	Ref
Trauma	Veteran	12	20,595.51	0.58	0.43	2.93 (1.64–5.23)	2.90 (1.58–5.31)	3.93 (1.83–8.43)
	Non-Veteran	244	1,217,955.23	0.20	0.25	Ref	Ref	Ref

Notes : BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; WHI = Women’s Health Initiative.

Only women with complete, non-missing data were included in the models. p > .05 for interaction of military generation and Veteran status in all cancer and CVD models; for trauma models, p values for interaction were .04, .06, and .007 for Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Model 1 (sociodemographics and WHI study membership) adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and WHI study membership.

Model 2 (+ risk factors and behaviors) adjusted for all variables in Model 1, plus smoking (pack years), physical activity, alcohol use, BMI, and depression.

Model 3 (+ comorbidities) adjusted for all variables in Model 2, plus hypertension, and medical comorbidities.