Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Non-Veteran and Veteran Women With Diabetes in the Women’s Health Initiative
| Non-Veterans | Veterans | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |
| Total | 23,524 | 618 | ||
| Baseline | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 50–59 | 7,412 | 31.5 | 148 | 23.9 |
| 60–69 | 11,281 | 48.0 | 217 | 35.1 |
| 70+ | 4,831 | 20.5 | 253 | 40.9 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| American Indian/Alaskan native | 194 | 0.8 | 8 | 1.3 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 751 | 3.2 | 10 | 1.6 |
| Black/African American | 3,854 | 16.4 | 76 | 12.3 |
| Hispanic/Latina | 1,286 | 5.5 | 23 | 3.7 |
| White | 17,053 | 72.5 | 485 | 78.5 |
| Other | 324 | 1.4 | 13 | 2.1 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 1,907 | 8.1 | 17 | 2.8 |
| High school diploma/GED | 4,521 | 19.2 | 68 | 11.0 |
| Some college or vocational/training school | 9,331 | 39.7 | 270 | 43.7 |
| College graduate or more | 7,610 | 32.3 | 261 | 42.2 |
| Income | ||||
| <20,000 | 5,037 | 21.4 | 126 | 20.4 |
| 20,000–<50,000 | 10,113 | 43.0 | 287 | 46.4 |
| 50,000–<75,000 | 3,884 | 16.5 | 105 | 17.0 |
| 75,000+ | 3,038 | 12.9 | 65 | 10.5 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 1,014 | 4.3 | 70 | 11.3 |
| Divorced/separated | 4,184 | 17.8 | 117 | 18.9 |
| Widowed | 4,576 | 19.5 | 141 | 22.8 |
| Married/marriage-like relationship | 13,653 | 58.0 | 289 | 46.8 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Underweight | 82 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.8 |
| Normal | 3,810 | 16.2 | 124 | 20.1 |
| Overweight | 7,185 | 30.5 | 184 | 29.8 |
| Obese | 12,234 | 52.0 | 302 | 48.9 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 11,860 | 50.4 | 274 | 44.3 |
| Former | 9,630 | 40.9 | 271 | 43.9 |
| Current | 1,703 | 7.2 | 62 | 10.0 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Nondrinker | 3,329 | 14.2 | 51 | 8.3 |
| Past drinker | 6,427 | 27.3 | 188 | 30.4 |
| <1 drink per week | 7,917 | 33.7 | 206 | 33.3 |
| 1+ drinks per week | 5,652 | 24.0 | 166 | 26.9 |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) | ||||
| Inactive (0–1.7) | 6,814 | 29.0 | 173 | 28.0 |
| Low (>1.7–<8.4) | 7,203 | 30.6 | 169 | 27.3 |
| Medium (8.4–<20.0) | 5,696 | 24.2 | 154 | 24.9 |
| High (20.0+) | 3,730 | 15.9 | 119 | 19.3 |
| Physical function score | ||||
| 0–<25 | 890 | 3.8 | 21 | 3.4 |
| 25–<50 | 2,569 | 10.9 | 87 | 14.1 |
| 50–<75 | 5,070 | 21.6 | 117 | 18.9 |
| 75–100 | 14,466 | 61.5 | 369 | 59.7 |
| Pills for high cholesterol | ||||
| No | 18,258 | 77.6 | 451 | 73.0 |
| Yes | 4,936 | 21.0 | 158 | 25.6 |
| BP control a | ||||
| No medications, normal BP | 9,919 | 42.2 | 253 | 40.9 |
| No medications, high BP | 2,241 | 9.5 | 68 | 11.0 |
| Medications, normal BP | 6,508 | 27.7 | 160 | 25.9 |
| Medications, high BP | 4,636 | 19.7 | 125 | 20.2 |
| Insulin use | ||||
| No | 12,961 | 55.1 | 327 | 52.9 |
| Yes | 10,463 | 44.5 | 287 | 46.4 |
| Study assignment | ||||
| Observational Study | 12,763 | 54.3 | 351 | 56.8 |
| Estrogen-Alone intervention | 1,096 | 4.7 | 29 | 4.7 |
| Estrogen-Alone control | 1,134 | 4.8 | 31 | 5.0 |
| Estrogen + Progestin intervention | 1,232 | 5.2 | 32 | 5.2 |
| Estrogen + Progestin control | 1,216 | 5.2 | 32 | 5.2 |
| Dietary Modification intervention | 2,358 | 10.0 | 60 | 9.7 |
| Dietary Modification control | 3,725 | 15.8 | 83 | 13.4 |
| Through follow-up | ||||
| Number of chronic conditions b | ||||
| 0 | 1,397 | 7.0 | 36 | 6.9 |
| 1 | 3,836 | 19.2 | 77 | 14.9 |
| 2 | 5,414 | 27.1 | 131 | 25.3 |
| 3 | 4,596 | 23.0 | 126 | 24.3 |
| 4+ | 4,759 | 23.8 | 148 | 28.6 |
| Number of concordant chronic conditions b | ||||
| 0 | 1,331 | 6.7 | 23 | 4.4 |
| 1 | 6,022 | 30.1 | 142 | 27.4 |
| 2 | 8,504 | 42.5 | 227 | 43.8 |
| 3 | 3,134 | 15.7 | 90 | 17.4 |
| 4+ | 1,011 | 5.1 | 36 | 6.9 |
| Number of discordant chronic conditions b | ||||
| 0 | 4,135 | 20.7 | 101 | 19.5 |
| 1 | 6,846 | 34.2 | 171 | 33.0 |
| 2 | 5,233 | 26.2 | 141 | 27.2 |
| 3 | 2,653 | 13.3 | 67 | 12.9 |
| 4+ | 1,135 | 5.7 | 38 | 7.3 |
Notes: BP, blood pressure; GED, general educational development; MET, metabolic equivalent time.
a Systolic BP ≥140mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90mm Hg considered high.
b Among women with no missing data on chronic conditions; assessed up until last physical function measure in the Extension Studies.