Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the total study population and stratified by quartiles of the dietary inflammatory index (DII), MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study
| Characteristicsa | All Median = 0.965 N = 1297 | Dietary inflammatory index (higher value more inflammatory) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 Median = −0.803 N = 324 | Quartile 2 Median = 0.434 N = 324 | Quartile 3 Median = 1.408 N = 325 | Quartile 4 Median = 2.507 N = 324 | P-trend §/P-value | ||
| Age (years) | 54.5 ± 5.8 | 54.1 ± 5.7 | 54.0 ± 5.8 | 54.8 ± 5.8 | 54.9 ± 6.0 | 0.0299 § |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 3.3 | 27.6 ± 3.4 | 27.8± 3.3 | 28.0 ± 3.1 | 27.7 ± 3.2 | 0.6438 § |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2474 ± 555 | 2871 ± 568 | 2581 ± 442 | 2386 ± 435 | 2059 ± 424 | < 0.0001 § |
| Ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL-cholesterol | 5.39 ± 2.10 | 5.27 ± 2.32 | 5.47 ± 2.04 | 5.47 ± 1.99 | 5.35 ± 2.01 | 0.6827 § |
| Survey (%) | ||||||
| Survey 1 | 67.8 | 52.8 | 69.8 | 74.8 | 73.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Survey 3 | 32.2 | 47.2 | 30.2 | 25.2 | 26.2 | |
| Reporting Unit (%) | ||||||
| Urban | 63.8 | 74.7 | 61.1 | 60.9 | 58.3 | < 0.0001 |
| Rural | 36.2 | 25.3 | 38.9 | 39.1 | 41.7 | |
| Actual hypertension (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 51.5 | 49.1 | 54.3 | 56.6 | 46.0 | 0.0275 |
| No | 48.5 | 50.9 | 45.7 | 43.4 | 54.0 | |
| Education level (%) | ||||||
| <11 years | 30.5 | 38.3 | 30.9 | 29.2 | 23.8 | 0.0009 |
| ≥11 years | 69.5 | 61.7 | 69.1 | 70.8 | 76.2 | |
| Smoking Status (%) | ||||||
| Current | 30.0 | 21.6 | 25.9 | 35.7 | 37.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Former | 43.0 | 44.4 | 43.5 | 43.7 | 40.1 | |
| Never | 26.9 | 34.0 | 30.6 | 20.6 | 22.5 | |
| Diabetes (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 5.0 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 0.6908 |
| No | 95.0 | 94.1 | 95.4 | 94.5 | 96.0 | |
| Physical activity (%) | ||||||
| Active | 39.7 | 44.4 | 41.0 | 34.8 | 38.6 | 0.0799 |
| Inactive | 60.3 | 55.6 | 59.0 | 65.2 | 61.4 | |
a
Mean ± SD for continuous variables and % for categorical variables.